ཀ་ཀུད་ཀུད་ND.gives as the present of བཀུ་.ཀུམ་ཀུམ་DS. ཀུམ་[DS].ཀུམ་[DS].DS. (archaic) To die DS. Compare འགུམ་ཀེར་ཀེར་CD, DK, DS, TC.ཀེརད་DK, ཀེར་[DS].TC.ཀེར་DK, TC, [DS].ཀེརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.(Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To erect, to point a finger toward the sky DK. To raise, lift up CD. To raise up (e.g. a finger) DS. To arise, get up TC.ཀོང་ཀོང་DK gives as the present of བཀོང་. ཀྲང་ཀྲང་(Gyurme 1992: 150-152), (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). (archaic, main verb un-negated) Signifies the successful execution of an action (Gyurme 1992: 150-152).(archaic) A question word similar to གམ་, ངམ་, &c. (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). Compare གྲང་2ཀྲབས་ཀྲབས་LZ gives as the present of བཀྲབ་ཀྲོངས་ཀྲོངས་LZ gives as the present of དགྲོངས་ཀླན་ཀླན་[CD], DS, TC.ཀླན་[DS].ཀླན་[CD], [DS].DS, (Skorupski 2001). 1. To wreak revenge for. [2. To mend, to patch] CD. 1. To avenge, to take revenge. 2. To answer, counter DS. (archaic) To answer, counter TC.ཀླལ་ཀླལ་CD, (DS) give as a present of གླལ་. ཀླས་ཀླས་(Li & Coblin 1987), [TC], (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). To be beyond, further than (Li & Coblin 1987). 1. To forget. 2. To arrive at the depths, meet the limit. 3. To understand (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997).CD, DS, TC prefer to see this as an adjective.ཀླུབ་1ཀླུབ་CD, DK.ཀླུབས་CD, DK.ཀླུབ་DK.ཀླུབས་DK.ལྷུབ་པ་(Chang 1971: iv.13). To cover the body with ornaments (Ja), to put on luxuriously (Cs), to set up a tent CD. To put on; to wear DK. Root given as klub < *s-'-lhub, *b-lhub? (Chang 1971: iv.12)ཀླུབ་2ཀླུབས་LZ.ཀླུབ་DK, DS, TC.བླུབས་(see note). བཀླུབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. ཀླུབས་LZ. བཀླུབ་DK, DS, TC.ལྷུབས་(see note).ཀླུབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལྷུབ་པ་[Chang 1971: iv.13].ན་བཟའ་སོགས་LZ. To adorn, put on another person; to make someone put on DK. To ornament, put on clothes DS. 1. To wear. 2. To adorn, decorate TC. Root given as g + lhub (Hahn 1999). For the form བླུབས་ (a. 1680) see (Eimer 1987); (Hahn 1999) suggests the inflection ཀླུབ་, བླུབས་, *ཀླུབ་, *ལྷུབས་; for the imperative he compares lhab lhub 'excessively bedecked'. ཀློག་ཀློག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བླགས་(see note).བཀླགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཀླགས་CD.བཀླག་KYT, KYN, TD,TD has བཀྲག་བྱ་ as the future, but this is obviously a mistake. LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཀླག་CD.ཀློགས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ལྷོགས་(KYN), (ND).KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hackett 2003).མདོ་སྔ་སོགས་TD.བཀའ་བསྟན་དང་ཡི་གེ་སོགས་LZ. ཡི་གེ་ND. To read CD, DK. To read aloud DS, TC . Root given as klag < *s-'-lhag (Chang 1971: iv.12), *g + lhag (Hahn 1999). This form was first noted by (Nobel 1955) it is discussed in (de Jong 1974) who finds the forms པླགས, ཕླགས, and པླཧགས་ as well. (Hahn 1999) suggests the inflection ཀློག་, བླགས་, ཀླག་, ལྷོགས་. དཀག་དཀག་DS.དཀག་[DS].དཀག་[DS].DS. (of a melted liquid ) To solidify in the process of cooling DS.དཀའ་དཀའ་ND.དཀའ་[ND]. [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be difficult (Hackett 2003).དཀུ་དཀུ་DS, TC.དཀུ་[DS], TC.དཀུ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.DS, TC.[Abs, Obl.] (Hackett 2003).To drip, come down, fall DS.1. To brew, exude. 2. To fall. 3. (archaic) To remain, be left behind TC.དཀོནད་དཀོནད་LZ.དཀོནད་LZ.དཀོན་LZ.དཀོནད་LZ.འཇིག་རྟེན་སོགས་སུ་LZ. To appear (ngag dbang tshul khrims 1997).དཀྱུ་དཀྱུ་LZ, CD (archaic), DK, DS, TC.འཁྱུས་ND.དཀྱུས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྱུ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྱུས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱུས་NWHརྟ་སོགས་LZ.བྲོས་པའི་ND. 1. To run a race 2. To wring out; to filter (Sch.) 3. To caper about (Ja) CD. To race, to run away DK. To race (a horse, mule, &c.) DS. To control, ride a horse TC. see note at འཁྱུས་.དཀྱུད་དཀྱུད་CD. To forget CD.དཀྲི་དཀྲི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀྲི་CD.དཀྲིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲི་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲིས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཨྀND.NDDS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲི་[CD] (Chang 1971: v.6), (Duff). འཁྲིལ་ (Chang 1971: v.6).དར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.དར་སོགས་ND. 1. (archaic) To conduct one's pupil from one stage of learning to another stage. 2. To wind; to wrap around. 3. To ensnare CD. To wind, to wrap up; to roll up DK. To bind something with string or rope DS. 1. To bind, to tie. 2. To cover, impose, accuse, deprecate TC.དཀྲིག་དཀྲིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲིགས་LS. དཀྲིགས DK, DS, TC. DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲིག་(Duff).དུ་སྤྲིན་སོགས LZ. To make overcast; to gather clouds [sic], to pile up DK. To fill up (with clouds, smoke &c.) DS.To obscure TC.དཀྲུག་དཀྲུག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲུགས་ LZ, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲུག་ LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲུག་[CD] (Chang 1971: v.6) (Gyurme 1992: 258) (Duff).སྤྲུག་(Chang 1971: v.6)ཞོ་དང་ཐུགས་སོགས LZ. To disturb, put in motion; to turn, turn on a lathe CD. To stir up; to disturb; to agitate; to disunite; to create differences by instigation DK. 1. To stir, churn (a kind of liquid with a stick). 2. To be unharmonious, disagreeable. 3. To finish, conclude DS. 1. To disturb, stir, churn. 2. To agitate, disrupt. 3. To carve by turning on a lathe TC. Root given as dkrug < *b-krug (Chang 1971: v.6). Compare དཀྲོག་.དཀྲུམ་དཀྲུམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲུམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཅོང་ཞི་སོགས LZ. To break; to crack DK. To break into bits DS. To break (fragile objects) TC.དཀྲོག་དཀྲོག་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲོགས་CD.དཀྲོགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དཀྲོག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.དཀྲོགས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. - ND.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). ND.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྲོག་(Chang 1971: v.6). འཁྲོག་ (Gyurme 1992: 258) [Duff].ཞོ་སོགས་LZ. སྟོ་དང་བྱ་སོགས་(dkrogs) NDB.ཞོ་དང་བྱ་སོགས་(dkrogs) NDA. ཞོ་ (-) ND. 1. To churn; to agitate, mingle, trouble. 2. To rouse; scare up; to wag, e.g. the tail (Jä) CD. To stir up; to churn; to give a feeling of surprise to; to disturb; to open. DK. 1. To stir, churn. 2. To startle, surprise DS. 1. To churn, agitate, stir. 2. To disturb TC. Root given as dkrog < b-krog (Chang 1971: v.6). Compare དཀྲུག་དཀྲོལ་དཀྲོལ་LZ, DK, TC. give as the present to འཁྲོལ་1བཀན་བཀན་LZ, ND, CD, DS, TC.བཀནད་LZ, ND. བཀན་[DS], TC. བཀན་LZ, ND. [DS]. TC.བཀནད་LZ, ND. ཨྀND.བཀན་TC. ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003). NDDS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལུས་དང་ཐལ་མོ་སོགས་LZ. ལག་པར་སོགས་(bkand) NDB.ལག་པ་སོགས་(bkand) NDA.ལག་པས་(-) ND. 1. To up-root, turn up anything by applying a stick at its foot or root. 2. To bend. 3. To put; to press; to apply (Jä). 4. To hold fast; to extend (Cs). CD. 1. To raise up. 2. To firmly press DS. 1. To turn face upwards. 2. To hold firmly, to press down. 3. To neglect TC .བཀུ་བཀུ་ LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཀུད་ ND.བཀུས་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.བཀུ་LZ, ND, DS, TC.ཀུས་LZ, ND. བཀུས་ DS, TC.LZ, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུད་NWH.ཁུ་བ་ 'juice'NWHསྨན་གྱི་ཁུ་བ་སོགས་LZ. སྨན་དང་སྣུམ་སོགས་ND. To make extract of a drug by drawing out the juice CD. To extract juice by boiling DS.To extract a medicinal infusion TC.བཀུར་བཀུར་LZ, CD, DS, TC.འཁུར་ND, DKབཀུརད་LZ, ND, DK. བཀུར་ [DS], TC.བཀུར་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.བཀུར་LZ, TC.ཁུརད་ ND, DK. TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མཆོག་དང་གོང་དུ་LZ.གཙུག་ཏུ་ ND. I. To pay homage or reverence; to esteem. 2. To slander, to blaspheme CD. To respect, venerate DK. To respect DS.To make offering, serve, respect TC.བཀུར་བཀུར་CD gives as a present to འཁུར་བཀོང་1བཀོང་LZ, DS, TC. ཀོང་DK.བཀོངས་LZ, DK. བཀོང་[DS], TC.བཀོང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཀོང་LZ, TC. ཀོངས་DK. TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྦ་སོགས་LZ. To break the pride of somebody; to cause to become a coward DK. To discourage, intimidate, humble DS. To frighten, intimidate, discourage TC. Compare འཁོང་ and འགོང་བཀོང་2བཀོང་DS.བཀོང་[DS].བཀོང་[DS].DS To be wrinkled DS.བཀོན་བཀོན་LZ, TC. give as the present of འཁོན་.བཀོལ་བཀོལ་LZ, TC. give as the present of འཁོལ་3བཀྱོན་བཀྱོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བཀྱོནད་LZ, DK. བཀྱོན་[DS], TC.བཀྱོན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བཀྱོན་LZ, TC. བཀྱོནད་DK. TC.DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཚིག་གམ་བཀས་LZ. To beat, to chastise CD. To scold; to admonish DK. (honorific) To speak roughly to someone DS. (honorific) To scold, reprimand TC.བཀྲ་བཀྲ་ND.བཀྲ་[ND]. To be beautiful, clear, multicolored (CD, TC list as an adjective).བཀྲགས་བཀྲགས་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228).(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228). To roast, grill (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228).(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 228) imply a connection to སྲེག་བཀྲབ་ཀྲབས་LZ. བཀྲབ་CD, DS, TC.བཀྲབས་LZ.CD, DS, TC. བཀྲབ་LZ.DS, TC.ཀྲོབས་LZ. བཀྲབས་DS. བཀྲོབས་ TC.DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོར་དང་གྲོགས་སོགས་LZ. To choose or select from among many CD. (archaic) To select from among many DS. To choose, select TC.བཀྲལ་བཀྲལ་CD, TC. འགྲེལ་ DK.བཀྲལ་TC. བཀྲལད་ DK.བཀྲལ་DK, TC. བཀྲོལ་TC. འགྲེལད་ DK.TC.TC.ཁྲལ་ 'tax'NWH. To appoint CD. To share tax payment DK. To impose (a tax) TC. བཀྲི་བཀྲི་LZ, CD (archaic), TC. give as the present of འཁྲིད་1བཀྲུག་བཀྲུག་(Chang 1971: v.6), (Jä) give as an alternate or erroneous present to དཀྲུག་. བཀྲེས་བཀྲེས་CD (archaic), DK, TC.བཀྲེས་DK, TC.བཀྲེས་DK, TC. བཀྲེས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).བཀྲེས་ 'hunger' NWH. To be hungry CD, TC. To feel hungry DK.བཀྲོས་བཀྲོས་CD, DK.བཀྲོས་DK.བཀྲོས་DK.བཀྲོས་DK. To choose; to select. CD, DK.རྐམ་བརྐམ་LZ, [CD], TC. རྐོམ་ND. རྐམ་[CD (archaic)], DK, DS. བརྐམ་LZ, TC. བརྐམས་ND, DK, DS.བརྐམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐམ་ LZ. རྐམས་ DK. རྐོམས་ ND, DS. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཟས་ནོར་སོགས་ལ་LZ.འདོད་ལ་ND.To desire, long for (as a child for sweets) DS. To be attached to, to yearn forTC.རྐུ་རྐུ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐུ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐུན་མ་'thief'NWH.གཞན་གྱི་ནོར་སོགས་TD. གཞན་ནོར་སོགས་ LZ. རྐུན་མ་ ND. To steal; to rob. CD. To steal; to take away unlawfully DK. To steal, to take by sleight the property of another which has not been given or paid for TC.རྐོ་རྐོ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྐོད་CD.བརྐོས་ KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐོ་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྐོས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐ་ 'furrow' (Beyer 1992: 112 n.11).ཁྲོན་པ་སོགས་TD. ས་དང་དཔར་སོགས་ LZ. ས་དྲང་སྤར་སོགས་ ND. 1. To dig, dig out; to hoe. 2. To engrave; turn up; till CD. To inscribe; to dig; to engrave; to print DK. To dig (a hole in the ground &c.) DS 1. To dig, excavate. 2. To carve out letters and designs (in stone, wood &c.) TC.རྐོན་རྐོན་DK.བརྐོནད་DK.བརྐོན་DK.རྐོནད་DK.རྐོན་ 'a net, trap' NWH. To trap or catch in a trap. DK From colloquial data (Chang 1971: vii.16) hypothesizes a verb *bskon 'to cause to get caught, hung up i.e. to hang on a peg' as the causative of *khon or *'khon 'to get caught, hung up'. Perhaps DK confirms her hypothesis.རྐོམ་རྐོམ་ND. gives as the present of རྐམ་རྐྱག་རྐྱག་(CD). gives as a present to སྐྱག་རྐྱལ་རྐྱལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC.བརྐྱལ་LZ. རྐྱལ་DS, TC.རྐྱལ་LZ, DS, TC.རྐྱོལད་LZ. རྐྱོལ་ DS, TC.LZ, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆུ་བོ་LZ. To swim, to amuse oneself by swimming (Jä) CD. To swim DS, TC. རྐྱོང་རྐྱོང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐྱངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྐྱང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྐྱོངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐང་ 'foot' (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15).ཡན་ལག་སོགས་TD. ཞབས་སོགས་ LZ. ཡན་ལག་ ND. To stretch, extend, stretch forth (one's hands to a person), put out (the tongue); spread; distend (the wings, a curtain) CD. To stretch out one's arms; to extend DK. To extend, stretch (the feet, hands &c.) DS. To stretch, spread out, extend TC. Related to རྒྱོང་(Duff).ལྐུགས་ལྐུག་ DK. ལྐུགས་ DS, TC. ལྐུགས་DK, [DS], TC.ལྐུག་ DK. ལྐུགས་[DS]. TC. ལྐུགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལྐུག་ 'dumb, mute' NWH. To become foolish; to become dumb DK. To become unable to speak clearly DS. To be dumb, to be unable to talk, to loose one's voice TC.སྐད་སྐད་CD, DS.སྐད་[DS].སྐད་[DS].DS.སྐད་ 'language, speech' NWH. To say, tell, relate CD. The written equivalent of ཞེས་ and ཟེར་ which mark the end of quoted speech DS.སྐམ་སྐམ་DK, (Gyurme 1992: 258), (Hoshi 2003).བསྐམས་DK.སྐམ་(Hoshi 2003).བསྐམ་DK.སྐམས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).(Gyurme 1992: 249). To make thirsty DK. To dry up, dry out (Gyurme 1992: 249), (Hoshi 2003). Compare སྐེམ་སྐར་སྐར་CD.བསྐར་CD.སྐོར་CD.CD. To hang up; to weigh. CD.སྐུ་སྐུ་DK gives as an alternate present to སྐུད་.སྐུག་སྐུག་DS, TC.བསྐུགས་DS, TC. བསྐུག་DS, TC.སྐུགས་DS, TC. DS, TC. DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). For the winner not comply with the game of taking wealth, after a dispute over victory and defeat DS. To make a bet, to bet, to gambol TC.སྐུང་སྐུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུངས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དབེན་པ་སོགས་སུ་LZ. སྦེད་པའི་ ND. To hide in the ground, to bury, to inter CD. To hide; to keep secret DK. 1. To hide away. 2. To write the symbol 'X' as a substitute for following words which are repeated in lines of verse, or other expression DS. To hide, conceal TC.སྐུད་སྐུད་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐུ་ DK. བསྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བཀུ་NWH.སྣུ་མ་སོགས TD, ND. སྨན་སོགས་ LZ. To smear, to besmear; to daub CD. To anoint; to apply oil or ointment DK. To put (dye, oil &c.) on the surface of something DS. To apply, put on, cover, smear TC.སྐུམ་སྐུམ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུམ་TDཊཌསེཨེམས་ཏོ་ཧབེ༹་དསྐུམ་བྱ་ཨས་ཐེ་ཕུ༹ཏཨུརཨེ, བུཏ་བསྐུམ་མུསཏབེ་མེཨནཏ , LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐུམས་TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐུམ་ LZ. TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁུམ་(Chang 1971: v.i), (Gyurme 1992: 258), (Beyer 1992: 116).ཡན་ལག་སོགས་TD, LZ. རྐང་ལག་སོགས་ LZ. To contract; to be drawn up; to be paralyzed CD. To withdraw, to draw in; to make shorter or smaller; to contract; to conceal DK. The opposite of produce, extend DS. 1. To contract, bend, pull in. 2. To conceal, to obfuscate TC.སྐུར་སྐུར་KYN, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུརད་KYN, [CD], ND, DK, བསྐུར་ DS, TC.བསྐུར་KYN, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐུརད་KYN, ND, DK, སྐུར་ DS, TC.KYN, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁུར་(Gyurme 1992: 259). དབང་དང་འགན་ND. To bestow, give, send CD. To make someone carry; to send; to cause to venerate on, to make someone pay respect DK. 1. To deliver to the place of delivery by entrusting (a thing, letter &c.) with another person, post office. 2. For something to be carried (on the water, wind &c.) DS. 1. To send, dispatch. 2. To give, bestow, entrust, assign TC.སྐུལ་སྐུལ་ KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐུལད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྐུལ་ CD, DS, TC.བསྐུལ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐུལད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྐུལ་ DS, TC. KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་བསྐུལ་སོགས TD ཐུག་རྒྱུད་ལས་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. ལས་ལ་དང་དགེ་ལ་ ND. To excite; to exhort, admonish, enjoin CD. To induce; exhort, urge; to request to do something; to persuade DK. To motivate, incite DS. 1. To induce, compel, persuade. 2. To incite, motivate TC.སྐེམ་1སྐེམ་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྐེམས་ND.སྐམ་DK.བསྐམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐམ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོམས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. སྐེམས་ DK. སྐམས་ DK. TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐེམ་, སྐམ་ 'dry' NWH.ཆུ་སོགས་TD, NDཎཌB ཨིས་ཨུནཅལེཨར, ༿༿༾༾ལུ་སོགས྄ . གོས་གཤེར་བ་དང་མེ་ཏོག་སོགས་ LZ. To make dry, to dry up CD. To dry DK. To make fewer, to dehydrate DS. . To dry out, to dry TC.སྐེམ་2སྐེམས་ND. སྐེམ་ DS.བསྐམས་ND, DS.བསྐམ་ND, DS.ཨྀND, DS. ND, DS.DS.སྐེམ་, སྐམ་ 'dry' NWH.ཁ་NDA, ཁ་སོགས་NDB. To wilt (of plants), become dry DS.སྐོ་སྐོ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐོས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐོ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐོས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དཔོན་གྱོག་སོགས་TD.ལས་སྣེ་སོགས་LZ.རྒྱལ་སར་ND. To select; to appoint, nominate, commission, charge CD. To appoint DK. For leaders or people to give responsibility to a person for a task DS. To appoint. 2. To be determined by the power of past deeds TC.(Uray 1972: 19) connects this verb with མཁོས་/ཁོས་/ཁོད་ 'institution, administration, settlement of the state' along with the verbs, འཁོད་, and འགོད་.སྐོང་1སྐོང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྐོངས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐང་བ་ 'satisfaction' (Róna-Tas 1985: 179).ཐུགས་དམ་སོགས་TD.ཐུགས་དམ་དང་རེ་བ་སོགས་LZ.ཐུགས་དམ་ND. To fulfill CD. To complete; to add; to satisfy, fulfill a wish DK. 1. To fulfill. 2. To make up a deficiency; to supplement TC.སྐོང་2སྐོང་TC.བསྐོངས་TC.བསྐོང་TC.སྐོངས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To summon, convene TC.སྐོན་སྐོན་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐོནད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK.བསྐོན་CD, DS, TC.བསྐོན་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོནད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK.སྐོན་CD, DS, TCKYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གོན་(Chang 1971: vii.16, see note) (Gyurme 1992: 259). གྱོན་ (Gyurme 1992: 259) (Duff) འཁོན་(Chang vii.16, see note)ཁྲབ་རྨོག་ལྟ་བུ་སོགས་LZ.གོས་སོགས་ND. To dress; to clothe another person CD. To make someone put on a dress or an ornament DK. 1. To make someone wear (wools, a hat &c.). 2. To cause an action similar to the wearing of hats or clothes (e.g. bridle a horse, tie a rope around a calf's neck) DS. To dress, put on clothes, to cover TC.Written Tibetan སྐོན་, བསྐོན་, བསྐོན་ 'to dress, to clothe another person': gon 'to put on (clothes, shoes)' appears to be an example of the devoicing caused by s similar to སྤུབ་, འབུབ་. Our spoken Tibetan data, however, does not confirm this meaning of སྐོན་, suggesting rather two bases, *kon 'to get caught', and *gon 'to get dressed' (Chang 1971: viii.15).སྐོམ་སྐོམ་DS, TC. སྐོམ་[DS]. སྐོམས་ TC.སྐོམ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོམ་ 'dry' NWH. For a desire to drink to arise when the liquid of the body is depleted DS. To suffer because the wetness within the mouth has dried TC. Compare སྐམ་ and སྐེམ་.སྐོར་1སྐོར་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐོརད་TD, LZ, ND, DK.བསྐོར་CD, DS, TC.བསྐོར་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོརད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྐོར་ DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 247).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོར་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ཆོས་འཁོར་སོགས་TD.ལྷ་ཁང་དང་རྟེན་ལ་LZ.འཁོར་བར་ND. 1. To fill with; to surround, encircle, enclose, besiege; to come again and again; to revolve. 2. To traverse, ride round a thing. 3. To circumambulate CD. To turn round; to turn a wheel; to take a round; to encircle, surround DK. 1. To make something turn around the circumference of a center. 2. To lead, take control. 3. To encircle, surround. 4. To change directions, shift allegiances. 5. To trick, mislead DS. 1. To turn around, rotate. 2. To surround, encircle TC.(Beyer 1992: 83) suggest that skyor is a palatalized version of this verb, however སྐོར་ has the root vowel o and སྐྱོར་ the root vowel a, so his analysis is unlikely.སྐོར་2སྐོར་DS, TC.བསྐོར་DS, TC.བསྐོར་DS, TC.སྐོར་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS. TC. To go, wander, roam, loaf DS. To wander, to roam, to move about TC. In Situ's great commentary only བསྐོར་ and not སྐོར་ is given DS.སྐོལ་སྐོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐོལད་LZ, ND, DK.བསྐོལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྐོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐོལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐོལ་DS, TC. ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hackett 2003).འཁོལ་CD, (Chang 1971: v.1), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116).ཟ་སོགས་LZ.ཟ་དང་ཆུ་NDB.ཟ་དང་ཆུ་སོགས་NDA. To boil CD, DK, TC.སྐྱ་སྐྱས་LZ. སྐྱ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོས་ND, DS, TC. སྐྱས་LZ, DK.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞི་དང་རུས་པ་སོགས་LZ. 'ཕོ་བའི་ND. 1. To carry; convey to a place (a quantity of stones, wood, water, &c.). 2. To change place CD. To move one's residence or dwelling; to migrate, transfer DK. 1. To move, to move from one place to another, to migrate. 2. (archaic) To deliver, convey TC.སྐྱག་སྐྱག་CD. རྐྱག་(CD).བསྐྱོགས་CD.བསྐྱག་CD.སྐྱོག་CD. 1. To spread, lay out, expand. 2. (in West) To slaughter, murder (Jä) CD.CD suggests comparison with འགྱག་སྐྱད་སྐྱད་DK.བསྐྱད་DK.བསྐྱད་DK.སྐྱད་DK[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To kill DK. 1. To kill. 2. To compete [Lishi gur khang]སྐྱས་སྐྱས་LZ. gives as the present of སྐྱ་སྐྱི་སྐྱི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱི་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱིས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་ལས་གསེར་དངུལ་སོགས་LZ.ནོར་སོགས་ND. To borrow, especially money or goods CD. To lend; to borrow; to give or take something on loan DK. To loan, borrow TC. Certainly the same verb as སྐྱིན་NWH.སྐྱིག་1སྐྱིག་DK.བསྐྱིགས་DK.བསྐྱིག་DK.སྐྱིགས་DK To cause to tie, to fasten DK.སྐྱིག་2སྐྱིག་(Jä). To hiccup (Jä).སྐྱིན་སྐྱིན་CD, DK.བསྐྱིན་CD.བསྐྱིནད་DK.བསྐྱིན་DK.སྐྱིནད་DK.སྐྱིན་པ་ 'loan' NWH. To borrow CD. To lend, to borrow CD. Compare སྐྱི་.སྐྱིལ་སྐྱིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱིལད་LZ. ND, DK.བསྐྱིལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྐྱིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱིལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐྱིལ་DS, TC. ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱིལ་(Chang 1971: v.3) (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116).མཚོ་དངཨག་ཆུ་སོགས་LZ.ཆུ་སོགས་ND. 1. To pen up, shut up; to dam up a river. 2. (Jä) to bend, especially the legs when sitting on the ground after the oriental fashion. To bend in another's leg by a kick from behind; to bend the bow CD. To dam; to store DK. 1. To dam up, to pen up, contain. 2. To keep TC.སྐྱུག་1སྐྱུག་CD, ND, DK.སྐྱུགས་CD, ND, DK.སྐྱུག་ND, DK.སྐྱུགས་ND, DK.ND.སྐྱུག་པ་ 'vomit, purgative' NWH.ཀོང་ནད་ND. To vomit, to eject (e.g. blood). 2. To lose color, to stain CD. To vomit; to come out forcefully DK.སྐྱུག་2སྐྱུག་DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུགས་DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུག་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱུགས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.TCDS[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱུག་པ་ 'vomit, purgative'NWH. To cause to vomit DK. To release the contents of the viscera from the mouth DS. To vomit, to wretch TC.སྐྱུང་སྐྱུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TCབསྐྱུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TCབསྐྱུང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TCསྐྱུངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC CD, ND, DS, TCDS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). ཁེངས་པ་སོགས་LZ.ཉུང་དུ་ND. 1. To diminish, reduce. 2. (Jä) (In central Tibet) to leave behind; to lay aside (a task). CD To reduce or diminish one's prive or voice; to subdue; to give up DK.DS 1. To cast off, leave far behind, to abandon and put behind; to give up completely, to discard completely. 2. To lessen (in amount, degree), to reduce (in size, extent) TC (Duff).བསྐྱུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱུད་LZ, ND, DK, DS. ཨྀ TC. ND, DS. TC.DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སེམས་ལ་LZ.བརྗེད་བྱ་ND. 1. To forget. 2. To leave off (Jä). 3. To communicate, swallow (Sch.) CD. To forget; to fail to recall DK. (archaic) To forget DS. To forget TC.སྐྱུར་སྐྱུར་ LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱུརད་LZ, ND, DK.བསྐྱུར་CD, DS, TC.བསྐྱུར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱུརད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐྱུར་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱུར་(Chang 1971: v.4), (Beyer 1992: 116).བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་སོགས་རྒྱབ་ཏུ་LZ.ཕར་ལ་ND. To throw, to cast; to leave off CD. To throw or to cast off, to renounce or give up DK. 1. To throw away, discard (rubbish). 2. To abandon, leave behind (homeland, troubles) DS. 1. (Mental) To give up on, to abandon, to forsake, to go back on something which one has previously adhered to, to leave behind something for something else seen as better. 2. (Physical) To toss off, away, to cast off something which is now seen as rubbish or as useless TC (Duff).སྐྱེ་སྐྱེ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེ་LZ. སྐྱེས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱེད་ (Laufer 1915: 62).སྐྱེ་བ་ 'birth', སྐྱེ་བུ་ 'person' NWH.སྲིད་པ་སོགས་སུ་LZ. To be born, arise CD. To be born; to come out newly DK. 1. kinds of vegetation having first sprouted a shoot, to develop fruit. 2. To issues from the mother's womb. 3. To mature, rise up like the sprouting of vegetation. 4. To become larger or longer. 5. To arise, occur DS. 1. To be born, to arise, to grow anew. 2. To grow, increase TC.སྐྱེང་1སྐྱེང་CD, DK. སྐྱེངས་ CD. DS, TC.སྐྱེངས་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྱེང་DK.སྐྱེངས་[DS], TC. སྐྱེངས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be ashamed CD. To be ashamed; to be embarrassed DK, DS. To be abashed, embarrassed, circumspect (especially regarding speech) TC (Duff). I could see here two verbs (སྐྱེངས་, སྐྱེངས་, སྐྱེངས་, - ) and (སྐྱེང་, སྐྱེངས་, སྐྱེང་, སྐྱེངས་) the evidence is insufficient to decide. སྐྱེང་2སྐྱེང་ DK.བསྐྱེངས་DK.བསྐྱེང་ DK. སྐྱེངས་DK. To make shameful or to cause to be ashamed; to belittle; to bring down DK.སྐྱེད་སྐྱེད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱེད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱེད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱེད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱེ་(Laufer 1915: 62), (Duff).ཆོ་ག་དང་བུ་སོགས་LZ.ལྷ་སོགས་དང་སེམས་ND. To procreate, generate, bring forth. give birth to CD. To make progress, to increase, widen DK.སྐྱེམ་སྐྱེམ་CD. སྐྱེམས་[CD]. To be thirsty CD. Root given as skyem < skyam < skam (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15).སྐྱེལ་སྐྱེལད་LZ, ND.སྐྱེལ་CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱལད་LZ, NDBཎཌB སེཨེམས་ཏོ་ཧབེ༹་བསྐྱམདཝཧིཅཧམུསཏབེ་ཨིན་ཕ༹ཅཏབསྐྱལད ཎཌཱ་ཧས་བསྐྱལ , DK.བསྐྱལ་CD, NDA, DS, TC.བསྐྱལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོལད་LZ, ND, DK.སྐྱོལ་ CD, (DK), DS, TC. LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཏོ་མདོས་སོགས་LZ.གནས་སུ་ND. 1. To carry, to take away. 2. To send. 3. To risk, to stake (one's life). 4. To use, to employ CD. To deliver a person or thing; to see off, to kiss; to lose; to vow; to accomplish DK. 1. To go from one place to another place accompanying another person in order to show love, to protect, or supervise. 2. To raise a thing from one place to another place. 3. To use, employ. 4. To finish, perfect DS. 1.To escort, to see off. 2. To send, transport, deliver, 3. To do, to apply. 4. To pass, spend (of time) TC. Root given as skyal Compare འཁྱོལ་སྐྱེལ་སྐྱེལ་CD. བསྐྱེལ་CD.བསྐྱེལ་CD.སྐྱོལ་CD.TC.DS, TC. To conduct, accompany CD.སྐྱོ་སྐྱོ་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོ་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྱོ་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྱོ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱོ་ 'grief, sorrow' NWH. To be sad, to be gloomy DK. 1. To be irritated. 2. To be disaffected DS. 1. To be sad, to be miserable. 2. To be fed up with, to be weary of, to be disenchanted with, to have distaste for TC (Duff).སྐྱོག་སྐྱོག་CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོགས་DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོག་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོགས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To turn, to turn away, aside CD. To turn aside, to drive aside DK. 1. To change direction. 2. To bend, make crooked DS. 1. To turn. 2. To move over, to give way TC.སྐྱོང་1སྐྱོང་DS.སྐྱོང་[DS].སྐྱོང་[DS].DS. To go on a long road DS.སྐྱོང་2སྐྱོང་Ë TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྐྱོངས་ CD.བསྐྱང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོང་(Zeisler 2004: 349).སྐྱོངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དྲིན་གྱིས་TD.བརྩེ་བ་དང་དྲིན་གྱིས་LZ.དྲིན་གྱིས་བོན་༿༿ཚེས༾༾B བསྟན་པ་སོགས་ND. To guard; to keep; to defend; to save; to preserve CD. To look after; to nurse, cherish; to take care of; to administer DK. 1. To look after, support, take care of. 2. To supervise, direct, support DS. 1. To sustain, take care of, tend, look after. 2. To protect, guard. 3. To manage, do, hold, control, carry out TC.སྐྱོད་1སྐྱོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོད་ LZ, DK, DS.ཨྀTC.ND, DS. TC. CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གནས་སོགས་དང་རླུང་གིས་LZ. To move; to go, pass on CD. To move DK. To move, agitate DS. To move, stir, agitate TC.སྐྱོད་2སྐྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོད་ ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). CD.DS, TC.གོམ་པའི་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་ND. (In West) (Respectful) To go, to walk CD. To cause to go or proceed DK. To go DS. To go TC.སྐྱོན་1སྐྱོན་DK.སྐྱོནད་DK.སྐྱོན་DK.སྐྱོནད་DK. To make defective; to become defective DK.སྐྱོན་2སྐྱོནད་LZ. སྐྱོན་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོན་LZ, CD, DS, TC. བསྐྱོནད་ ND, DK.བསྐྱོན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྐྱོན་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hackett 2003).ཞོན་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).རྟ་དང་གསལ་ཤིང་སོགས་ལ་LZ.རྟ་ལ་NDB.རྟ་ལ་སོགས་NDA. To put astride upon a thing CD. To put on a horse DK. 1. To have mount, place astride. 2. To place on top of. 3. To make (someone) wear, to dress (someone) DS. 1. To place someone on a horse, to put astride. 2. To place above, place upon. 3. (honorific) Equivalent of the auxiliary verb རྒྱག་TC. Compare གྱོན་, གོན་སྐྱོན་3སྐྱོན་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 176). Suffixed to nouns in order to create verbs, very common in the colloquial. In this respect it is the honorific corresponding to རྒྱག་NWH. (Honorific) Equivalent to རྒྱག་པ་TC.སྐྱོབ་སྐྱོབ་KYN , TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱབས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱབ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོབས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Abl.] (Hahn 1994: 108). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཁྱབ་[Coblin 1986].ཉེ་པ་སོགས་TD.འཇིགས་པ་དངཨག་སྡུག་སྔལ་སོགས་ལས་LZ.འཇིགས་པ་ལ་ND. To protect; to defend, preserve, save CD. To protect, give shelter; to defend, to rescue DK. To help, save from danger DS. To protect TC. Related to the noun སྐྱོབ་ 'protection, refuge'. (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15) suggests that this verb is a palatalized version of གབ་ 'cover, protect' though he does not account for the voicing difference.སྐྱོམ་སྐྱོམ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱམས་LZ, ND, DK, TC. བསྐྱོམས་ CD, DS.བསྐྱམ་LZ, ND, DK, TC. བསྐྱོམ་ CD, DS.སྐྱོམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྱོམ་(Chang 1971: v .4), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).མཚཨོ་སོགས་LZ.སྣོད་སོགས་ND. (Rare in colloquial) 1. To pour; to pout out, agitate, stir up. 2. (Lex) To give CD. To swish, to stir a liquid; to cause turbulence DK. To stir, agitate (a liquid) DS. To stir, shake TC.སྐྱོར་1སྐྱོར་[LZ],CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱར་CD, DS, TC.བསྐྱརད་ND, DK.བསྐྱར་[LZ],CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོརད་[LZ], ND, DK. སྐྱོར་ DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སླར་ཡང་LZ.ཡང་ཡང་ND. To repeat, recite by heart CD. To repeat; to do, make something again; to reproduce, imitate; to recite DK. To read aloud, repeat DS. To repeat, to do over again TC (Duff).LZ lists a verb (སྐྱོར་, བསྐྱོརད་, བསྐྱར་, སྐྱོརད་) which is a conflation of this verb and the following. (Beyer 1992: 83) suggest that སྐྱོར་ is a palatalized version of སྐོར་, however སྐོར་ has the root vowel o and སྐྱོར་ the root vowel a, so his analysis is unlikely.སྐྱོར་2སྐྱོར་[LZ], DK, DS, TC.བསྐྱོརད་[LZ], DK. བསྐྱོར་ DS, TC.བསྐྱོར་DK, DS, TC.སྐྱོརད་[LZ], DK. སྐྱོར་ DS, TC.[LZ], DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To hold up, to prop, to paste CD. To support upright; to support from al sides so as to stand; to help, to support DK. 1. To prevent a person or thing from falling down. 2. To help, do, protect DS. To support, prop up, brace TC.སྐྲག་སྐྲག་CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲགས་DK. སྐྲག་[DS], TC.སྐྲག་DK, [DS], TC.སྐྲགས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (nearly always combined with 'jigs pa) To be terrified, frightened, afraid of something CD. To be frightened, to be terrified DK. To become afraid DS. To be afraid TC. Cognate with adjective སྐྲག་ 'scary'.སྐྲང་སྐྲང་CD, DK, (DS), TC. སྐྲངས་DS.སྐྲངས་CD, DK, [DS], TC. སྐྲང་ [(DS)].སྐྲང་DK, [(DS)], TC. སྐྲངས་ [DS].སྐྲངས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To swell CD. To swell, be swollen DK. For the flesh to swell up due to injury to the body or illness DS. To swell up TC.སྐྲབ་སྐྲབ་LZ, CD, DK.བསྐྲབས་LZ, DK.བསྐྲབ་LZ, DK.སྐྲབས་LZ, DK.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲབ་NWH.བྲོ་དང་རྐང་སྟབས་སོགས་LZ. To beat the ground with one's feet; to stamp, tread; to dance CD. To cause to dance; to cause to select DK.DS gives སྐྲབ་ as an archaic word for བྲོ་འཁྲབ་.སྐྲི་སྐྲི་CD (archaic), ND, TC. (archaic).བསྐྲིས་ND.བསྐྲི་ND.སྐྲིས་ND. སྐྲི་ [TC] ND.ཁག་ND. To conduct, to send (Cs.) CD. To give, send TC.སྐྲུ་སྐྲུ་LZ, CD (archaic), DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྐྲུས་ (see note)བསྐྲུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲུས་ LZ, DK, DS, TC.LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཤིང་གི་ཡལ་ག་དང་གཞན་ལ་ཐབས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To wait (Sch.); to cut CD. To beg for food, to make a hole by digging or cutting; to hollow out DK. To cut; to deceive DS. 1. To beg. 2. (archaic) To deceive. 3. To cut into pieces TC.སྐྲུད་སྐྲུད་CD (archaic).To make another run away by devicesCD. Root given as skrudསྐྲུན་སྐྲུན་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲུནད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྐྲུན་ CD, DS, TC.བསྐྲུན་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲུནད་ TDཊཌཨཔཔེཨརསཏོ་ལིསཏསྐུནད་ཨས་ཐེ་ཨིམཔེརཨཏཨིབེ༹, ཨ་མིསཏཀཨེ་ཕོ༹ར་སྐྲུནད , LZ, ND, DK. སྐྲུན་ DS, TC. TD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).མཉུ་གུ་སོག་[sic]TD.མཉུ་གུ་སོགས་LZ.དགེ་རྩ་བསཡེད་པ་ND. To produce CD. To establish, to build; to make DK. 1. To print a book. 2. To make, produce DS. To make, construct, build, invent, produce TC.སྐྲེས་སྐྲེས་(Gyurme 1992: 258). སྲེས་((Gyurme 1992: 258)).འདྲེས་(Gyurme 1992: 258). To mix (Gyurme 1992: 258). given as the primary spelling of སྲེ་སྐྲོག་སྐྲོག་LZ, CD, DS, TC.དཀྲོག་ND.བསྐྲོགས་LZ, DS, TC.སྐྲོགས་ND.བསྐྲོག་LZ, DS, TC.སྐྲོག་ND.སྐྲོགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).*[']-khrog-[s](Chang 1971: v.6).ཞོ་དང་ཌ་མ་རུ་སོགས་LZ.ཌར་མ་རུ་སོགས་ND. To beat (the drum); to churn; to stir (with a rod) CD. Another way to write དཀྲོག་DS. 1. To churn, stir. 2. To beat a drum TC.(Duff) suggests this verb is onomatopoetic སྐྲོག་2སྐྲོག་(Chang 1971: iv.10)འདྲོག་(Chang 1971: iv.10). To rouse, to scare up (Chang iv.10). Root given as s-k-rog < s-'-rog < s-rog ? (Chang iv.10).སྐྲོད་སྐྲོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྐྲད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྐྲོད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཏེའུ་དང་བགེགས་སོགས་LZ.ཕྱིར་ལ་ND. To expel, drive out, eject CD, DK. To drive away from a previous location DS. To expel, banish, drive out TC.སྐྲོབ་སྐྲོབ་LZ.བསྐྲབས་LZ.བསྐྲབ་LZ.སྐྲོབས་LZ.ཏི་ཀུ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ.སྐྲོལ་སྐྲོལ་DK.བསྐྲོལད་DK.བསྐྲོལ་DK.སྐྲོལད་DK.རོལ་ 'music' (?) NWH. To cause to make sound; to cause to stir up DK.བརྐམ་བརྐམ་LZ, TCgive as the present of རྐམ་བསྐལ་བསྐལ་DS, TC.བསྐལ་[DS], TC.བསྐལ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be cut off by a long distance or period of time DS. To be separated, cut off TC. Undoubtedly a generalization of the past of སྐེལད་ q.v. NWHབསྐོན་བསྐོན་(Chang 1971: vii.16).ཁོན་ or འཁོན་(Chang 1971: vii.16). To get caught, hung up (on a peg) (Chang 1971: vii.16). Hypothesized by Chang on colloquial data, see རྐོན་.
ཁ་ཁང་ཁང་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003) gives as a literary alternate of ཁེང་ཁུག་ཁུག་CD, DS, TC.འཁུགས་DK, (TC).ཁུག་DK. ཁུགས་DS, TC.འཁུག་ DK. ཁུག་DS, TC. ཁུགས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC. DS, TC., (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགུགས་(Gyurme 1992: 259). To find, get, earn, draw CD. To calm down; to bend down; to fall asleep; to valued; to be worth DK. To be the price of (something) DS. 1. To turn into, to change, to become. 2. To get, to make, to find TC.ཁེགས་ཁེགས་CD. DS. ཁེག་ TC. འཁེགས་ (Beyer 1992: 113)ཁེགས་[DS], TC, (Beyer 1992: 113).ཁེགས་[DS].ཁེག་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོག་(Beyer 1992: 113). To obstruct, to close CD. For something to be unable to move because something else is stuffed inside (a pipe, hole &c.) DS. To be obstructed, to stop, to come to halt TC.ཁེང་འཁེང་CD.ཁེང་DK. TC. ཁེངས་ DS.ཁེངས་CD, DK, [DS], TC.ཁངས་(Tournadre & Dorje 2003).ཁེངས་DK, TC.ཁེངས་[DS].ཁེངས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགེང་(Beyer 1992: 113), (Duff) To be replete, to be full CD. To be full DK. To fill up the inside DS. To be full TC.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003) suggest that ཁངས་ is a literary variant of ཁེངས་. Compare also སྐོང་, གང་, and སྒང་.ཁེན་ཁེན་CD. DS, TC.ཁེན་ [DS]ཁེན་[DS].DS, (Skorupski 2001). To lean, to repose on. (erroneously for བཀཧན་པ་ [sic]) (Sch.) CD. To rest, rely on in order not to collapse DS. (dialect) To lean, to rest against TC.ཁེབས་འཁེབས་CD, DK. ཁེབས་DS, TC. ཁེབ་CD, DK.ཁེབས་[DS], TC.འཁེབ་DK. ཁེབས་[DS], TC.ཁེབས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.འགེབས་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). To cover; to spread over CD. To cover up; to spread over DK. To be able to cover, be able to arrange DS. To be covered TC.ཁེར་ཁེར་DS. ཁེར་[DS].ཁེར་[DS].DS. To make vertical, to extend DS.DS reports this as similar in meaning to ཀེར་ to which it is likely a mere orthographic variant of, reflecting an aspirate pronunciation. ཁོག་ཁོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259).འགོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259). To be taken out (Gyurme 1992: 259).ཁོམ་ཁོམ་CD, DS, TC. ཁོམ་ DKཁོམ་DK, [DS], TC.འཁོམ་ DK. ཁོམ་[DS], TC. ཁོམས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. to have leisure, time to do a thing. 2. to be enabled to do a thing by the absence of external impediments (Schtr.) CD. To have time; to be free; to be free from the worldly activities DK. To not have leisure, time DS. To have time for something TC.ཁོལ་ཁོལ་DS gives as the present of འཁོལ་ཁྱག་ཁྱག་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱགས་ DK.ཁྱག་[DS], TC. ཁྱག་DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱགས་DK. ཁྱག་ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To undertake, to be surety for [sic] CD. To float on water; to become mentally unsettled or unsteady DK. To endure hardship, to be able to hold up DS. To endure, to be able to lift or hold up something TC.ཁྱབ་ཁྱབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱབ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱབ་LZ, DK, ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱོབ་[Coblin 1986]གཏམ་ཙེགས་དང་ཡུལ་ལ་ LZ. To fill, penetrate, embrace; estimate, comprise CD. To cover up, to spread over DK. To spread, cover DS. To cover, to pervade, to include, to spread TC.ཁྱོག་ཁྱོག་TC. ཁྱོག་ TC.ཁྱོག་TC.ཨྀTC. TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be sustainable, to be borne, to be bearable TC. Compare འཁྱོག་.ཁྲུལ་ཁྲུལ་CD, DS. ཁྲུལ་[DS].ཁྲུལ་[DS].DS.: To let fall; to drop (several things at intervals) CD. To fall, drop individually DS.ཁྲེམས་ཁྲེམས་CD, TC. ཁྲེམས་TC.ཁྲེམས་TC.ཨྀTCTC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To water gardens and cultivation; to sprinkle water CD. To be absorbed TC.ཁྲེལ་ཁྲེལ་CD, DS, TC. ཁྲེལ་[DS], TC.ཁྲེལ་[DS].ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be ashamed; to provoke shame CD. To loose hope, to no longer desire DS. To be embarrassed (by the reproach of another), to be considerate TC.ཁྲོ་ཁྲོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲོ་CD.ཁྲོས་LZ, C D, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲོ་ ND.ཁྲོས་LZ, ND, DK, ཨྀ DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཁྲོ་ 'anger'NWHསྡང་དགྲ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. ཁྲོ་བོར་ ND. To be angry CD. To get angry; to be filled with anger; to be indignant DK. To be angry, aggressive DS. To go angry, to become angry TC.མཁས་མཁས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. མཁས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.མཁས་KYN, LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁས་, LZ, DK, ཨྀ[KYN], TC.[KYN], TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་སྲིད་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. To become wise; to become a scholar; cause to be learned DK. To be able, skilled, to have compassion DS. To be learned TC.KYNgives the imperative asམཁས་པར་གྱིས་ implying that there is no imperative. མཁོ་མཁོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. མཁོ་LZ, ND, DK, TC.མཁོ་LZ, DK, TC.མཁོ་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC. TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འདི་དང་ཕྱི་མ་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. To want CD. To necessitate; to become necessary; to be in need DK. To want, to need TC.མཁྱུད་མཁྱུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. མཁྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁྱུད་LZ, DK. TC. TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).དོན་ནམ་དཔེ་སོགས་ LZ. To keep, to hold, to retain CD. To be secretive, to conceal one's knowledge with ill intention DK. (archaic) To hide (small religious instructions &c.) DS. To conceal, to hide TC.མཁྱེན་མཁྱེནད་LZ. མཁྱེན་ CD, DK, DS, TC. མཁྱེནད་LZ, DK.མཁྱེན་[DS], TC.མཁྱེན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མཁྱེནད་LZ. མཁྱེན་ DK, TC.TC.(Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hoshi 2003).DS, (Skorupski 2001). TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hackett 2003).དགོངས་ཡུལ་དུ་ LZ. To know CD. To know, to understand; to comprehend DK. To know, understand, examine DS. (honorific) To know, to comprehend TC. Root given as mkhyen < *mkhyan < mkhan (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15).མཁྲང་མཁྲང་ND. མཁྲངས་ND.མཁྲང་ND.ཨྀND.ND.བློ་ཤེད་སོགས་ND. hard, solid, compact (Jä) CD.མཁྲེག་མཁྲེག་ND. མཁྲེགས་ND.མཁྲེག་ND.ཨྀND.ND.སྲ་བའི་ ND. hard, firm (Jä) CD.མཁྲེན་མཁྲེན་ND. མཁྲེནད་ND.མཁྲེན་ND.ཨྀNDND.ཐུགས་ལ་ ND. འཁང་འཁང་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Denwood 1991: 136). འཁང་ND, འཁངས་ DK, DS, TC, (Denwood 1991: 136).འཁང་DK, DS, TC.འཁངས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To hurt at heart or offend, also to irritate CD. To be unsatisfied, to be discontented or hateful DK. To believe, to not be happy DS. To be resentful, to be spiteful, to bear ill will TC. To recriminate, complain, resist (Denwood 1991: 136)འཁམ་འཁམ་CD, DK. འཁམས་ TC. འཁམས་DK, TC.འཁམ་DK. འཁམས་ TC.འཁམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To sink or fall down senseless; to faint away; to swoon. 2. To take into one's mouth (Sch.) CD. To faint, to become unconscious TC.འཁར་འཁར་CD, DK, TC. འཁརད་DK. འཁར་ TC. འཁར་DK, TC.འཁརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To adhere, to stick to CD. To long for; to crave for, to be greedy; to be impeded DK. To adhere to, to stick to, to be caught on TC.འཁལ་འཁལ་LZ, CD, DK, (DS), TC. འཁེལ་ DS, (TC). བཀལད་LZ, DK. བཀལ་DS, TC.བཀལ་LZ, DK, TC. དགལ་ DS.ཁེལད་LZ. འཁལད་ DK. ཁོལ་ DS. འཁོལ་ TC. TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུད་པ་སོགས་ LZ. 1. To spin. 2. (in West) To send; to forward things CD. To spin yard; to make thread DK. To spin wool, cotton, silk &c. into thread DS. To spin TC. Compare འཁེལ་འཁུ་འཁུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC, (Denwood 1991: 136). འཁུས་LZ, DS, (Denwood 1991: 136). འཁུ་ ND, DK, TC.འཁུ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁུ་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཞེ་གནག་གིས་ LZ. To offend, to vie with, contend (Jä) CD. To be unsatisfied; to hate DK. To bear thoughts of harm DS. 1. To contend with, to vie with, to harm. 2. (archaic) To oppose TC. To oppose, rebel (Denwood 1991: 136). perhaps to be linked with དཀུ་. འཁུགས་འཁུགས་DK, TC give as the present of ཁུག་.འཁུན་འཁུན་LZ, DK, DS, TC. འཁུནད་LZ. ཁུནད་ DK, འཁུན་ [DS], TC.འཁུན་LZ, [DS], TC. ཁུན་ DK. འཁུན་LZ. འཁུནད་ DK. ཨྀ TCTC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཁུར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་མནརད་ཏེ་ LZ. To pant, to whisper DK. For a sound to come from the throat because of illness DS. 1. To groan, to moan. 2. To be breathless. 3. To make a guttural sound like the cawing of a pigeon TC.འཁུམ་འཁུམ་CD, DK, ND, DS, TC. ཁུམས་CD.འཁུམ་ND འཁུམས་ DK, DS, TC.འཁུམ་DK, DS, TC.འཁུམས་DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུམ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116) To shrink CD. To contract, shrink; to be afraid of, to recoil DK. 1. To shrink in size. 2. To measure, be miserly DS. To shrink, contract TC.འཁུམས་འཁུམས་LZ, DK.འཁུམ་CD, ND, DS, TC. འཁུམས་ LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཁུམས་CD, DK.འཁུམ་ND འཁུམས་LZ.འཁུམ་DS, TC. ཁུམ་ DK.འཁུམས་LZ. ཁུམས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཚིག་དོན་སོགས་LZ. To comprehend CD. To comprehend, to hear DK, DS. To know, to have an idea of TC.འཁུར་འཁུར་LZ, CD, DK, DS. TC. བཀུར་CD (in West).ཁུརད་LZ. ཁུར་ DS, TC.བཀུརད་DK.ཁུར་LZ, འཁུར་ DS, TC. བཀུར་ DK.ཁུར་LZ, DS, TC. ཁུརད་ DK.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུར་(Gyurme 1992: 259).ཁྲེས་པོ་སོགས་ LZ. To carry; to fetch; in convey CD. To carry DK. To carry placed on a person's back or shoulders DS. To carry, to shoulder, to bear TC.འཁུལ་འཁུལ་CD, DK, TC. འཁུལད་DK.འཁུལ་(li yung khrang 1988).འཁུལ་DK, (li yung khrang 1988).འཁུལད་DK. ཨྀ (li yung khrang 1988).(li yung khrang 1988).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐུལ་[Coblin 1986] 1. To subdue, to subject (Nag) (Cs.). 2. To be uneasy about CD. To subdue, to force TC.འཁུས་འཁུས་DK, TC. བཀུས་DK.བཀུ་DK.ཁུས་DK To extract juice from; to take out juice DK. (archaic) To conceal TC.འཁེང་འཁེང་ TC. འཁེངས་TC.འཁེང་TC.ཨྀTC. TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be frozen, to be congealed TC.འཁེབས་འཁེབས་CD, DK give as present to ཁེབས་འཁེལ་འཁེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. ཁེལ་CD. DS. འགེལ་ (CD).བཀལད་LZ, ND. ཁེལ་ CD, DK, [DS], TC.བཀལ་LZ1.དགལ་LZ2.འཁལ་ NDཎཌB སེཨེམས་ཏོ་རེཨད་འཁས་བུཏ་ཐིས་ཨིས་མོརཨེ་ལིཀཨེལཡཨ་མིསཏཀཨེ་ཐན་ཐེ་འཁལ་ཨོཕ༹ཎཌཱ འཁེལ་DK, TC.ཁེལ་[DS].ཁེལད་LZ1, DK ཁོལད་ LZ2, ND. ཨྀ TC.ND, DS. TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 313), (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 313). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགེལ་(Beyer 1992: 113).ཁྲལ་དང་ཆད་པ་སོགས་ LZ1. ཁལ་དང་གཟེར་ལུང་ལ་ LZ2. སྐུད་པ་སོགས་ ND. To put on, to pack on, to load ('khel) CD. 1. to load upon; = འཁེལ་བ་ (Jä), 2. reply upon; depend on (khel)CD. To be decided, to be confirmed; to strike, hit; to be on the way DK. 1. To strike (e.g. a target with arrow). 2. To decide on the meaning of a belief DS. 1. To be determined. 2. To make contact, to encounter, to coïncide with, to endure. 3. To trust TC.འཁོ་འཁོ་CD. འཁོས་(Zeisler 2004: 454).ཁོས་(Zeisler 2004: 454).དགོས་(see note). To wish, to want, to think useful, serviceable, necessary (Jä) CD. Compare ཁོས་པ་ 'wanted, wished for', compare also མཁོ་ 'to be desirable, necessary' མཁོས་ཕུབ་ 'fancy for something' (CD). དགོས་ 'to need' may perhaps be related as the future stem (Zeisler 2004: 454 n. 138).འཁོང་འཁོང་CD, DS, TC. འཁོང་[DS].འཁོང་[DS].DS. To draw in one's limbs; to sit in a cowering position, to squat; to hide one's self CD. 1. To be unsatisfiedly unhappy. 2. To remain with the body's limbs contracted. 3. (མདོ་སྨད་ dialect for སྒོང་1) To make into a ball (barley flower &c.) DS. (archaic) To be disheartened TC. Compare བཀོང་1 and འགོང་འཁོད་འཁོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁོད་LZ, [DS], TC. ཁོད་ DK. འཁོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁོད་LZ. ཁོད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. (Gyurme 1992: 247)[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོད་(Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)གདན་སོགས་ la LZ. To sit, to dwell, to live; to be set down CD. To be registered; to sit down on a throne; to be enthroned; to become a leader; to be in line DK. To stay in one's place DS. 1. To be placed, to be present, to be situated. 2. To be established, to be set down, to be recorded, to be labeled TC.(Uray 1972: 19) connects this verb with མཁོས་/ཁོས་/ཁོད་ 'institution, administration, settlement of the state' along with the verbs, སྐོ་ and འགོད་.འཁོན་1བཀོན་LZ, TC.འཁོན་ND, DK. བཀོནད་LZ, ND, DK.བཀོན་LZ, ND, DK.བཀོནད་LZ. ཀོནད་ND, ཁོནད་ DK.ND. (Skorupski 2001).འཁོན་2NWH.གནོད་པ་སོགས་LZ. ལོགས་ལ་ ND. To create enmity; to disturb a friendly relation or to cause disunion DK. To threaten, menace DS. (archaic) To bear a grudge, to harbor revenge TC.འཁོན་2འཁོན་LZ. DK, DS, TC. ཁོནད་LZ. ཁོན་ DK.འཁོན་[DS], TC.འཁོན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁོན་LZ. ཁོནད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Ass.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོན་1NWH.གཞན་དང་ LZ. To bear a grudge or ill will against a person; to be dissatisfied with a thing; to be malicious, spiteful CD. To be revengeful, spiteful, hateful DK. 1. To bear enmity, hostility. 2. To be impeded, to be obstructed TC.(Chang 1971: vii.16) suggests based on colloquial data a verb *'khon which means 'to get caught, or hung up' see note at སྐོན་, and རྐོན་. འཁོབ་འཁོབས་CD. འཁོབ་ DS, TC. འཁོབས་DS. འཁོབ་ TC.འཁོབ་DS, TC.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be startled, agitated, alarmed (Jä) CD. To be stiff due to cold DS. To be stiff, rigid TC.འཁོམས་འཁོམས་DK gives as the present of ཁོམ་འཁོར་འཁོརད་LZ. འཁོར་ CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁོརད་LZ, DKའཁོར་[DS], TC.འཁོར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁོར་ LZ. འཁོརད་ DK. ཨྀ TC. TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོར་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ལས་ཉོན་གྱིས་འཁོར་བར་ LZ. 1. To turn round, circumambulate. 2. To be formed, perfected. CD. To rotate or turn round DK. 1. To turn at a hub. 2. To change direction. 3. To come, to gather DS. To revolve, to rotate, to spin, to go around, to elapse (of time) TC. Compare the noun སྒོར་མོ་ 'round, a circle, globe'.འཁོལ་1འཁོལ་CD, DK, TC. ཁོལ་ DS.ཁོལ་CD, DK, DS, TC.འཁོལ་DK, DS, TC.ཁོལད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306). [Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff). (in Medicine) To boil CD. To be boiling, to feel anxiety or to be agitated, to be active in service, to be an obedient servant DK. For bubbles to arise from within a liquid which has arrived at a certain temperature DS. To boil, be boiled TC.འཁོལ་2འཁོལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀོལད་LZ, DK.བཀོལ་CD, DS, TC.བཀོལ་LZ, DK, TC. དགོལ་ DS.ཁོལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ཁོལད་ DK.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཡོག་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. 1. To make a person a slave; to bind as a servant, to cause to serve one. 2. To become insensible, to be asleep; to get benumbed in reference to the limbs (Sch.) CD. To use as a servant; to make somebody serve; to use DK. To use DS. To take into service, to assign someone, to use TC.འཁོལ་3བཀོལ་LZ, TC.འཁོལ་CD, ND, DK, DS. བཀོལད་LZ, ND, DK.བཀོལ་CD, DS, TC.བཀོལ་LZ, ND, DK, TC. དགོལ་ DS.བཀོལད་LZ. ཁོལ་CD, DS, TC. ཁོལད་ ND, DK.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ལོགས་དང་ཟུར་དུ་LZ. ཟུར་དུ་ལས་འམ་ ND. To save; to spare; to enjoy with moderation (Cs.) CD. To isolate, to keep separately DK. To separate apart, put aside DS. To select, set aside, single out, separate TC.འཁྱག་འཁྱག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱགས་ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱགས་ (DS).འཁྱག་ND, DK, DS, TC.ཨྀND, DS, TC. འཁྱགས་ DK. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གྲང་བའི་ ND. To freeze, coagulate, feel cold CD. To freeze or become very cold, to be chilled DK. To cool DS. To be cold, to freeze TC.འཁྱམ་འཁྱམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱམས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁྱམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ཁྱམས་LZ. འཁྱམས་ DK. ཨྀ DS. འཁྱོམས་ TC.DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོར་བ་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. To rove, to wander CD. To wander; to ramble DK. To go here and there without a definite goal DS. To wander, to roam, to travel aimlessly TC.འཁྱར་འཁྱར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱརད་LZ. ཁྱར་ DK. འཁྱར་[DS], TC.འཁྱར་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱར་LZ. ཁྱརད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་དུ་ LZ. To err, to go astray CD. To roam; to wander; to stray DK. To let out a secret DS. To be dislocated, to stray, to be dispersed, to be missing TC. Root given as 'khyar < 'khor 'turn' (?) (Beyer 1992: 83).འཁྱལ་1འཁྱལ་LZ, DK. བཀྱལད་LZ, DK.བཀྱལ་LZ, DK.ཀྱལད་LZ. འཁྱལད་ DK.དོན་མེད་པའི་ངག་སོགས་ LZ. To talk nonsense, to gossip or drivel DK.འཁྱལ་2འཁྱལད་DK. འཁྱལ་ DS, TC. ཁྱལ་DK. འཁྱལ་ [DS], TC.འཁྱལ་DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱལད་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To gossip; to converse meaninglessly DK. 1. For earlier and later words to not be connected, for earlier and later to not be connected. 2. To move away from an earlier position DS. To lapse, to lose control, to go astray TC. Compare the nouns རྐྱལ་ཀ་, and ཀྱལ་ཀ་ 'a joke, jest, trick'.འཁྱིག་1འཁྱིག་ CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱིགས་ LZ, (CD). བཀྱིགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀྱིག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྱིགས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. འཁྱིགས་ DK.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐང་ལག་སོགས་ LZ. ཐག་པས་ ND. To bind, to take prisoner; (in Central Tibet) to strangle, suffocate CD. To bind; to fasten or tie; to truss up DK. To restrain men, livestock &c. with a rope DS. To tie, bind TC.འཁྱིག་2འཁྱིག་DS. འཁྱིགས་DS.འཁྱིག་DS.ཨྀDS.DS.DS. To tightly bind DS.འཁྱིགས་འཁྱིགས་(Jä). To comprise, encompass (Jä).འཁྱིད་འཁྱིད་CD (archaic). To turn, roll (one's eyes); to draw out; strain; to roll, revolve CD.འཁྱིམས་འཁྱིམས་LZ, CD, DS. འཁྱིམས་LZ, [DS].འཁྱིམས་LZ, [DS].འཁྱིམས་ LZ.DS.ཉི་ཟླ་སོགས་ LZ. To be encircled with a halo, like the sun and moon CD. To seep out from DS. Compare འགྱིམ་པ་ 'circumference'.འཁྱིར་འཁྱིར་CD, DS, TC. འཁྱིརད་ DK. ཁྱིར་DK. འཁྱིར་ [DS] TC.འཁྱིར་DK, [DS], TC.ཁྱིར་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To turn around CD. To wind round; to move in a circle; to circle DK. To rotate a parasol DS. To rotate, spin TC.འཁྱིལ་འཁྱིལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱིལད་ DK. འཁྱིལད་LZ. ཁྱིལ་ DK. འཁྱིལ་[DS], TC.འཁྱིལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱིལ་LZ. ཁྱིལད་ DK. -- TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱིལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).དགྱིབས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པ་སོགས་སུ་ LZ. To wind; to twist; to whirl around CD. To be collected or to be stored; to accumulate DK. 1. To be bent like the pattern of a conch shell. 2. For liquids (water &c.) to gather DS. 1. To be absorbed. 2. To whirl around, to twist, to coil up, to curl up, to spiral TC.འཁྱུ་འཁྱུ་CD gives as the present to འཁྱུས་འཁྱུག་འཁྱུག་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱུགས་ DK. འཁྱུག་LZ. ཁྱུག་ CD, DK. འཁྱུགས་ DS, TC.འཁྱུག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁྱུག་LZ. ཁྱུགས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གློག་དང་ཉ་ཆུང་སོགས་ LZ. To run, move swiftly CD. To move swiftly, to flash DK. To move swiftly, to flash TC. འཁྱུད་འཁྱུད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྱུད་LZ, ND, [DS], TC. ཁྱུད་ DK.འཁྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱུད་LZ, TC. ཁྱུད་ DK. ND.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. 1. To embrace. 2. To glide in or into. 3. To be able CD. To embrace or hug; to encompass; to coil up; to surround or to encircle; to have great faith or interest in some one or some thing DK. 1. Tug, to embrace. 2. To engage in sexual intercourse TC.འཁྱུར་འཁྱུར་CD, TC. འཁྱུརད་ DK.ཁྱུར་DK. འཁྱུར་ TC.འཁྱུར་DK, TC.ཁྱུརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱུར་ [CD].(Beyer 1992: 116). 1. To be separated, divorced (Cs.); to stop; to put an end to. 2. To be deserted (Jä) CD. To be transferred DK To be transferred, to be assigned TC.འཁྱུས་འཁྱུ་CD. འཁྱུས་ ND, DK, DS (archaic), TC. འཁྱུས་CD, ND, TC. ཁྱུས་ DK.འཁྱུ་ DK. འཁྱུས་ TC.ཁྱུས་DK.ཨྀTK.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྱུ་NWH. To run away CD, DK. (an archaic equivalent of 'bros) To flee DS. To run away, to flee TC.ND lists another verb འཁྱུས་, དཀྱུས་, དཀྱུ་, དཀྱུས་ with Characteristic Example བྲོས་པའི་ which is clearly a confusion between this verb and དཀྱུ་, compare དཀྱུ་.འཁྱེག་འཁྱེག་ND. བཀྱེག་ND.འགྱེག་ND.ཁྱོག་ND.ཡར་ལ་ ND.འཁྱེད་འཁྱེད་CD.ཁྱེད་(Beyer 1992: 113).འགྱེད་(Beyer 1992: 113) 1. To be sufficient, to suffice, to be enough; to hold out. 2. (Central Dialect) To gain (a lawsuit); to be acquitted (Jä) CD.འཁྱེར་འཁྱེར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱེརད་ LZ, ND, DK. ཁྱེར་ DS, TC.ཁྱེར་LZ, DK. འཁྱེར་ ND, DS, TC.ཁྱེར་LZ, DS, TC. ཁྱེརད་ND. འཁྱེརད་ DK.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210), (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 210). (Hackett 2003).རྫས་སོགས་གཞན་དུ་LZ. ལག་ཏུ་ ND. To carry away, to take away CD. To carry, to take away, to bring DK. To carry, to take away TC.འཁྱེལ་འཁྱེལ་CD. (in Ladakh) To hit, to strike CD.འཁྱོག་འཁྱོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྱོག་CD. འཁྱོག་ ND. འཁྱོགས་ DK, DS, TC.འཁྱོག་DK, DS, TC.ཁྱོག་CD. འཁྱོགས་ DK. ཨྀ DS, TC.CD. DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To lift; lift up. 2. To carry, to bring CD. To be crooked; to become crooked, to twist DK. To be bent, to be crooked, to sway, to curve TC.འཁྱོང་འཁྱོང་LZ, CD, TC. འཁྱོངས་ CD, DK, DS. འཁྱོངས་LZ, [DS], TC. ཁྱོང་ DK.འཁྱོང་LZ, DK, TC. འཁྱོངས་ [DS].ཁྱོངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཉིན་དངཨག་ཐུན་སོགས་LZ. 1. To observe. 2. (in Ladakh) To bring (Jä), (Ramsay) CD. 1. To continue without interruption. 2. To arrive at a good or complete [state]. 3. To be able. 4. To enunciate, use good diction DS. To continue, to conclude TC.འཁྱོམ་འཁྱོམ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱོམས་LZ, DS, TC.འཁྱོམ་LZ, DS, TC.ཁྱོམས་LZ. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྱོམ་(Chang 1971: v .4), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116)Beyer incorrectly gives འཁྱོ་ [sic] 'reel, stagger' for 'khyom, with causative སྐྱོམ་ 'shake, agitate' (Beyer 1992: 116)., (Duff).ས་དང་སེམས་སོགས་LZ. (in Central Tibet) To reel, stagger CD. To be aroused, to be agitated, to be disturbed. 2. To sway, to roll, to rock TC.འཁྱོར་འཁྱོར་CD, DS, TC. འཁྱོར་[DS], TC.འཁྱོར་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be unsteady; to miss, fail, not to hit (Cs.); to reel, stager from intoxication CD. To be unsteady, to stagger, to totter TC. Root given as 'khyor < 'khor 'turn' (Beyer 1992: 83)འཁྱོལ་འཁྱོལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྱོལད་ DK. འཁྱོལད་LZ. ཁྱོལ་ DK. འཁྱོལ་ [DS], TC.འཁྱོལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འཁྱོལད་LZ. ཁྱོལད་ (LZ), DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཉམས་ལེན་སོགས་ཚད་དུ་LZ. To be carried, to be bought CD. To reach one's destination; to complete one's life DK. To be concluded, to be finished, to reach a goal TC. CD suggests comparison with སྐྱེལ་འཁྲ་འཁྲ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲས་LZ, CD (probably), DK, DS, TC.འཁྲ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲས་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རྟེན་གནས་སོགས་ལ་LZ. To lean to; to incline toward (Cs.) CD. To crave for; to be impeded DK. (archaic) To be attached, to stay in one place, to depend on TC.འཁྲབ་1འཁྲབ་CD, DK, DS. བཀྲབ་CD.སྐྲབ་ CD. བཀྲབས་ DK. DS.བཀྲབ་DK, (DS). དཀྲབ་ DS.འཁྲབས་DK. ཁྲོབས་ DS.DS.DS.སྐྲབ་NWH.འཁྲབ་མ་'flail, fan' NWH. 1. To strike; to beat (in regular, strokes as in swimming and rowing). 2. To winnow, to fan. 3. To blink, twinkle, wink with the eyes. 4. To jest, joke. 5. To leap, jump. 6. To scoop out; to bail out CD. To select; to move legs, eyes etc. to dance DK. To thresh or winnow chaff from grain with a flail or fan DS.འཁྲབ་2འཁྲབ་LZ, DS, TC. འཁྲབས་LZ, TC. འཁྲབ་ [DS].འཁྲབ་LZ, [DS], TC.ཁྲོབས་LZ. འཁྲོབས་ TC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 339), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 339), (Hackett 2003).སྐྲབ་NWH.བྲོ་གར་སོགས་LZ. To dance DS. To perform, to stage, to beat, to stamp TC. འཁྲི་འཁྲི་CD, ND, DS, TC. འཁྲིས་CD, DS, TC. འཁྲི་ ND.འཁྲི་DS, TC.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲི་[CD] (Chang 1971: v.6) (Duff). To wind, compress; entangle, hold fast CD. To be responsible, to be tied down by responsibilities TC.འཁྲིག་འཁྲིག་LZ, ND, CD, DK. འཁྲིགས་ DS, TC. འཁྲིགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. འཁྲིག་ LZ, ND.འཁྲིག་LZ, DK. འཁྲིགས་ [DS], TC.ཁྲིགས་LZ. འཁྲིག་ LZ. འཁྲིགས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲིག་(Duff).འགྲིག་(Beyer 1992: 112).ཁུག་རྣ་དང་སྤྲིན་སོགས་ LZ. འདོད་པས་ LZ. To cohere; to stick together, become thick CD. To become overcast, to be piled up DK. To thicken, to become dense, to gather TC.འཁྲིད་1བཀྲི་LZ, CD (archaic), TC.འཁྲིད་CD, ND, DK, DS. བཀྲིས་LZ, CD, DK, (DS), TC. བཀྲི་CD.བཀྲིད་ND.བཀྲི་LZ, ND, DK, (DS), TC.ཁྲིད་ND, DK, DS. བཀྲིས་ LZ, (DS), TC.ND, DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐྲི་NWH.ཐར་ལམ་དང་གཞན་སོགས་སུ་LZ. གནས་སུ་ND. To lead; to conduct; bring to a place, especially used with in connection with animals and children, also of leading and army ('khrid)CD. To draw, to try, to acquire, to search for (bkri) CD. To lead; to bring to a place; to take; to guide from the worldly misery DK. 1. To lead on a path. 2. To teach, instruct. 3. To lead, turn someone to go in a particular direction (DS). To guide, lead TC.འཁྲིད་2འཁྲིད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྲིད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲིད་LZ, DK. འཁྲིད་ DS, TC.ཁྲིད་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hackett 2003).གནས་དང་དཔེ་ཆ་སོགས་LZ.To lead; to conduct; bring to a place, especially used with in connection with animals and children, also of leading and army CD. To explain a book; to teach in detail DK.1. To lead on a path. 2. To teach, instruct. 3. To lead, turn someone to go in a particular direction DS. 1. To lead, to draw, to take, to guide, to bring, to conduct. 2. To instruct, to teach TC.འཁྲིམས་འཁྲིམས་DS. འཁྲིམས་[DS].འཁྲིམས་[DS].DS. To be cowardly, terror having arisen DS.འཁྲིལ་འཁྲིལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འཁྲིལད་ DK. ཁྲིལ་ (DS).འཁྲིལད་LZ. ཁྲིལ་ DK, [(DS)]. འཁྲིལ་ [DS], TC.འཁྲིལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ཁྲིལ་ [(DS)].འཁྲིལ་LZ. ཁྲིལད་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲི་(Chang 1971: v.6). སྒྲིལ་ NWH.ལུས་དང་ཤིང་སོགས་ལ་LZ. To wind, coil round, to clasp round CD. To embrace; to hug; to coil up DK. To coil, wind around TC.འཁྲིས་འཁྲིས་LZ. འཁྲིས་LZ.འཁྲིས་LZ. འཁྲིས་LZ.འདོད་ཡོན་སོགས་ལ་LZ.འཁྲུ་འཁྲུ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཁྲུས་ DK. འཁྲུས་ DS, TC.འཁྲུ་DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུས་ DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲུད་NWH. To wash, to bathe CD. To become clean; to be washed DK. To have diarrhea TC.འཁྲུག་འཁྲུག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲུག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུག་ND, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུགས་ND, DK. ཨྀND, DS, TC.ND. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲུག་[CD], (Chang 1971: v. 6), (Gyurme 1992: 258), (Duff).དམག་སོགས་ND. དམག་ND. To be in commotion, to be disturbed CD. To fight; to quarrel; to disturb or to be in disorder; to be confused DK. 1. To be disturbed, to be agitated. 2. To fight, to quarrel TC.འཁྲུང་འཁྲུང་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲུངས་ CD. འཁྲུངས་DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུང་DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུང་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). (honorific) 1. To be born to. 2. To arise, come from. 3. To come up, shoot, sprout, grow (Jä) CD. To be born DK. (honorific) To be born TC.འཁྲུད་འཁྲུ་LZ, (TC).འཁྲུད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲུས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འཁྲུས་CD.བཀྲུ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲུ་(Zeilser 2004: 348).ཁྲུས་LZ, ND, DK DS TC.ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003), (Hackett 2003).འཁྲུ་NWH.སྒྲུབ་ཆུ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZTo wash, to cleanse, to bathe CD. To wash; to cleanse; to take a bath DK. To wash TC.འཁྲུལ་འཁྲུལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. འཁྲུལད་DK. འཁྲུལ་[DS], TC.འཁྲུལ་DK, [DS], TC.འཁྲུལད་DK. ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲུལ་(Beyer 1992: 112). To be insane or deranged CD. To be mistaken, to be confused DK. To be mistaken, to err, to be bewildered, to be deranged, to hallucinate TC.འཁྲེན་འཁྲེན་LZ, CD. འཁྲེནད་DK. འཁྲེནད་LZ. ཁྲེན་ DK.འཁྲེན་LZ, DK.ཁྲེནད་LZ, DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཁྱིམ་སོགས་ལ་LZ. 1. To wish, to long for. 2. To look upon with envy, jealousy (Jä) CD. To long for; to crave for; to be greedy DK.འཁྲེབ་འཁྲེབ་DS, TC. འཁྲེབ་[DS]. འཁྲེབས་TC.འཁྲེབ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.](Hackett 2003).To squint?? mig rdeb DS.To be stubborn TC.འཁྲེལ་འཁྲེལད་DK. ཁྲེལ་DK.འཁྲེལ་DK.ཁྲེལད་DK. To hate, dislike; to be hesitant DK.འཁྲོ་འཁྲོ་CD. gives as the present to ཁྲོ་.འཁྲོག་འཁྲོག་TC. འཁྲོགས་TC.འཁྲོག་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).དཀྲོག་(Chang 1971: v.6), (Gyurme 1992: 258), [Duff].སྐྲོག་(Chang 1971: v.6) To dislocate a joint. 2. To have a rumbling stomach, to have borborygmus. 3. To be hard of hearing TC.(Chang 1971: v.6) suggests a verb *[']-khrog-[s] with the definition 'to get churned'. (Gyurme 1992: 158) gives the definition 'to be agitated'.འཁྲོལ་1འཁྲོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DS. དཀྲོལ་LZ, DK, TC.བཀྲོལད་LZ. དཀྲོལད་LZ, ND, DK. དཀྲོལ་CD, DS, TC. བཀྲོལ་(DS)དཀྲོལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲོལད་LZ. ཁྲོལ་CD, DS. དཀྲོལད་ND, DK. དཀྲོལ་TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁྲོལ2 (Duff).རོལ་མོ་སོགས་(dkrol)LZ. སིལ་རྙན་བོན་རྣ་སོགས་('khrol)LZ.རོལ་མ་སོགས་ND. To cause to sound; make a noise; play CD. 3 To sound; to play musical instruments DK. To draw out sound from a music instrument DS. To play a musical instrument TCའཁྲོལ་2འཁྲོལ་DK, TC. འཁྲོལད་DK. འཁྲོལ་TC.འཁྲོལ་DK, TC.འཁྲོལད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.འཁྲོལ་1 (Duff) To sound DK. To play a musical instrument TC.འཁྲོལ་3འཁྲོལ་TC (Bielmeier 1988: 20)འཁྲོལ་TC.ཁྲོལ་(Bielmeier 1988: 20)འཁྲོལ་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.(Bielmeier 1988: 20)[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).གྲོལ་(Bielmeier 1988: 20).To unravel, decipher, to be given permission, consent TC (Duff). To untie something (Bielmeier 1988: 20).
ག་གང་གང་CD, DS, TC. འགང་DK.གང་DK, [DS], TC.གང་[DS], TC.འགང་DK.གང་DKཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Inst.] (Hackett 2003).འགེང་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).སྒང་NWH. To fill, to make fill CD. To be full; to become full DK. To pervade the parts, to reach the amount DS. To be full, to become full TC. Compare ཁེང་, and སྐོང་.གབ་གབ་CD, DS, TC. འགབས་ DK.གབ་DK, [DS], TC.འགབ་ DK. གབ་[DS], TC. གབས་ DKགོབ་TC. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགེབས་(Chang 1971: vii.16-17), (Gyurme 1992: 259). To hide, to conceal one's self CD. To hide; to conceal one's self DK. To hide DS. To hide oneself, to conceal oneself TC.གལ་གལ་CD, DK. གལད་DK.གལ་DK.གལད་DK. To force, to press something on a person CD. To be liable for; to be subject to a tax DK.གས་གས་ [CD], DS, TC. གས་[DS].གས་[DS].DS, TC.འགས1 TC. To split, to crack, to burst apart [CD]. (for a substance) To fracture DS. To break, split TC. to be identified with འགས་2གུག་གུག་LZ, CD, TC. འགུག་DK.བཀུག་LZ.གུག་DK, TC.བཀུག་LZ.གུག་DK, TC.གུག་LZ.འགུགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཤིང་སོགས་LZ. 1. To stoop, bend, to bow down. 2. (In West) to rub or scratch gently; to tickle CD. To bend toward, to bend down DK. To bend down, to stoop down, to be bent, to b3e crooked, to bow down TC. related to དགུ་(Duff) also compare འགུགས་.གུད་གུད་TC. གུད་TC.གུད་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To decline, to fade TC.གུས་གུས་DK, TC. གུས་DK, TC.གུས་DK, TC.གུས་DK, TC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To respect; to show respect DK. To be respectful, to bow down, to salute TC.གོ་གོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བགོས་LZ. གོ་DK, [DS], TC.བགོ་LZ. གོ་DK, [DS], TC.གོས་LZ. གོ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Gyurme 1992: 252), [Goldstein 1991: 127], (Hoshi 2003).DS, (Gyurme 1992: 252), [Goldstein 1991: 127].TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཉན་(Duff)ཆོས་གོས་སོགས་ལུས་པ་LZ. To understand, to perceive mentally CD. To hear; to comprehend or understand; to perceive DK. 1. To understand. 2. To hear DS. 1. To understand. 2. To hear TC.གོག་གོག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀོག་LZ གོག་ DK, [DS], TC.དགོག་LZ. གོག་DK, [DS], TC.གོག་DK.ཨྀTC.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོག2 (Chang 1971: vii.17)ཤིང་ཤུན་སོགས་LZ. 1. To crawl. 2. To crumble off; to scale off CD. To become older and older; to age; to decay; to crawl DK. To crawl with four limbs on the ground DS. To crawl TC.གོད་གོད་LZ, CD, TC. གོད་LZ, DK.གོད་LZ, TC.གོད་LZ. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱུན་ནོར་སོགས་LZ. To suffer loss CD. To be squandered, to be diminished TC.གོན་གོན་CD, DK, DS. གོནད་DK. གོན་[DS].གོན་DK, [DS].གོནད་DK.(Hoshi 2003). DS.གཡོག་(Chang vii.16, see note at skon). སྐོན་ (Chang vii.16, see note at skon), (Gyurme 1992: 259). To put clothes on CD. To put on; to wear DK. To wear shoes etc DS. a variant of གྱོན་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Hoshi 2003). See note at སྐོན་.གོམ་གོམ་LZ gives as the present of འགོམ་. གོམས་གོམས་DK, DS, TC. གོམས་DK, [DS], TC.གོམས་DK, [DS], TC.གོམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒོམ་[Duff] To be accustomed to, used to DK. To become familiar with, used to DS. To become accustomed to, to become familiar with TC.གོལ་འགོལ་CD.འགོལད་DK.གོལ་DS (archaic), TC. གོལ་CD, DK, [DS], TC.འགོལ་DK. གོལ་[DS], TC.གོལད་DK.ཨྀTC.TC.CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To part, separate. 2. To deviate, err, go astray CD. To go to an isolated place DK. (archaic) To err, go wrong DS. To mistake, to go astray, to miss TC. Root given as T 'gol ba , OT dgol pha (<*dgold, as indicated by the use of the suffix pha) (Coblin 1986).གོས་གོས་DS. གོས་[DS].གོས་[DS].DS. For one thing to stick on another thingDS.གྱར་གྱར་ TC. གྱར་TC.གྱར་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To encounter, to fall into (a state). 2. To go astray, to wander. 3. To be dispersed, to get lost TC.གྱེད་གྱེད་DS. གྱེད་[DS].གྱེད་[DS].DS. To open a gap DS.གྱེར་དགྱེར་CD, DK. གྱེར་DS, TC. གྱེར་CD, [DS], TC.བགྱེརད་DK.གྱེར་[DS], TC.བགྱེར་DK.གྱེར་TC.བགྱེརད་DK.TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To sing, chant (gyer) [CD]. To sing, chant (an expression of the Bon-po) (dgyer) CD. To put in tune, to chant DK.To recite with a certain intonation DS. To sing, chant, to hum a tune TC.གྱེས་གྱེས་CD. To analyze, to split asunder CD. elsewhere CD refers gyes to འགྱེས་. གྱོན་གྱོན་CD, DS, TC. གྱོན་[DS], TC.གྱོན་[DS], TC.གྱོན་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྐོན་(Gyurme 1992: 259), སྐྱོན་NWH. To put on; to dress; to wear CD. To cover the body with a hat &c. DS. To wear, to put on TC. Root given as gyon < gon (Beyer 1992: 83). Not to be differntiate from གོན་CD, (Gyurme 1992: 259).གྱོལ་གྱོལ་DS. གྱོལ་[DS].གྱོལ་[DS].DS. To have difficulty walking because of a problem with the feet (for either men or livestock) DS.གྲག་གྲག་CD, DK, DS, TC.གྲགས་CD, DS.གྲག་DK, TC. གྲག་DK, DS, TC.གྲག་DKཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To sound forth; to utter a cry or sound, of men, animals, thunder, &c.; to shout [CD]. To repeat a statement without agreeing with it DK. 1. To make a noise, sound. 2. To speak. 3. To hear, understand (a name, some news &c.) DS. 1. To resound, to emit sound, (preceded by ཁ་) to speak. 2. To hear TC. Compare གྲགས་1 and སྒྲོག་.གྲགས་1འགྲགས་CD.གྲགས་DK, TC. གྲགས་CD, DK, TC.གྲགས་DK, TC.གྲགས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). To be famous; to be called CD. To become well known, to be famous DK. To be well known TC. Compare གྲག་.གྲགས་2གྲགས་CD. འགྲགས་CD. To bind, fasten up a load (Jä) CD.གྲང་1གྲང་DS. གྲང་[DS].གྲང་[DS].(Hoshi 2003).DS. For the body to experience getting cold DS.གྲང་2གྲང་(Gyurme 1992: 150-152), (Hahn 1994: §4, 126-8), (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). (rare, main verb is negated) Its main function is to express a certain necessity (Hahn 1994: §4, 126-8). Introduces a question which anticipates a negative response (Gyurme 1992: 150-152). 1. To be suitable, allowed. 2. (archaic) A question word similar to gam, ngam, &c. (ngag dbang tshul khrim 1997). Compare ཀྲང་གྲངས་གྲངས་LZ. gives as the present of བགྲང་གྲབས་གྲབས་LZ. གྲབས་LZ.གྲབས་LZ. གྲབས་LZ.འགྲོ་ཆས་སོགས་LZ.1. (verb + གྲབས་) about to do the verbal action. 2. (transitive verb. + གྲབས་ + བྱེད་) to make preparations (Goldstein 2001).གྲམ་གྲམ་[CD], DS, TC.གྲམ་[DS], TC.གྲམ་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲེམས་(Gyurme 1992: 258] (Duff). 1. To spread (as of grain, for drying). 2. To put or lay down in order (beams, &c.); to spread out; to display; to scatter; to draw (a curtain) [CD].To cover, pervade, arrive DS. To be covered, to be strewn, to be scattered TC. Compare འགྲམས་གྲས་གྲས་CD. དྲས་ CD. To bind CD.གྲིམ་གྲིམ་CD, DS, TC. འགྲིམ་(Gyurme 1992: 259).གྲིམས་ DS.གྲིམ་ TC. གྲིམ་DS, TC.ཨྀTC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲིམ་(Duff). (Gyurme 1992: 259). To hasten; to hurry (Sch.) CD. To be wound tighter (of thread, rope &c.) DS. To become tight, to be tightened TC.གྲུག་གྲུག་CD, DS, TC. གྲུག་[DS]. གྲུགས་TC.གྲུག་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To break into small pieces, to crumble, to bruise CD. 1. To break into small pieces. 2. For men's skin to become course because of cold DS. 1. To be chipped, to be broken, to be bruised. 2. To be chapped, cracked TC.གྲུངས་གྲུངས་LZ. gives as the present to bgrung.གྲུམ་གྲུམ་DS gives as the present of འགྲུམ་གྲུམས་གྲུམས་TC. gives as the present of འགྲུམ་.གྲུས་གྲུས་LZ. gives as the present of བགྲུད་གྲོན་གྲོན་DS. གྲོན་[DS].གྲོན་[DS].DS. To waste, spoil DS.གྲོལ་གྲོལ་LZ, DS, TC. འགྲོལ་CD, (Bielmeier 1988: 20). འགྲོལད་DK.གྲོལད་LZ.གྲོལ་CD, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲོལ་DK.གྲོལ་[DS], TC.གྲོལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 287), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Bielmeier 1988: 20). [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 287).འགྲོལ་(Chang 1971: vii.18), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).སྒྲོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259) [Duff], འཁྲོལ་3 (Bielmeier 1988: 20)སྡུག་བསྔལ་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. To escape, be liberated, be released from CD. To be free from suffering; to become free; to be liberated DK. 1. For a knot or binding to come undone. 2. To individually separate, come to an end. 3. To become free DS. To adjourn, to close down, to break up, to uncoil. 2. To be free, to be liberated TC. To get untied (Bielmeier 1988: 20).གླ་གླ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. གླས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླས་LZ, DK, DS. གློས་TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཁལ་རྟ་སོགས་བརྔན་པས་LZ. To hire; to rent DK. 1. To exploit. 2. To hire. 3. To rent DS. To hire, to rent TC.གླན་གླན་LZ, CD, DK. གློན་CD, DS, TC. བླན་ (Goldstein 2001).གླནད་LZ, DK. གླན་ DS, TC.གླན་LZ, DK, TC. གློན་ DS.གླན་LZ. གླནད་ DK. གློན་ DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.གླིང་བུ་དང་ལྷན་པ་སོགས་LZ. To patch up; to mend. 2. To return. 3. (colloquial for གླེན་) To speak (གླན་) CD. To return an answer; to reply. 2. To patch, mend (གློན་) CD. To answer, to patch DK. 1. To join, place, contact, one thing on another thing. 2. To send a reply, to harm in return for a reply which harms DS. 1. To patch, mend. 2. To return a favor, to respond to, to reciprocate. 3. (archaic) To love, crave, desire TC.(Beyer 1992: 110) suggests a connection to the noun ལན་ 'answer'.གླལ་གླལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ཀླལ་ CD, (DS).གླལད་DK.གླལ་[DS], TC.གླལ་DK, [DS], TC.གླལད་DK. ཨྀཨྀཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To yawn or gasp CD. To display emotion through physical posture; to open [the] mouth; to yawn DK. 1. To yawn. 2. To stretch out TC. Compare the verb གྀཡལ་ 'to yawn'.གླས་གླས་TC. (archaic) to move house TC.གླེང་གླེང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གླེངས་CD.གླེངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླེང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླེངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.LZ, DK, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གཏམ་གཞི་སོགས་LZ. To say, converse, relate, describe CD. To talk, say, mention DK. གླེབ་གླེབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གླེབས་CD.གླེབས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.གླེབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གླེབས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.རྐང་པས་LZ. To make flat, plain (Cs.) (གླེབ་)CD. To trample; to tread down; to press down by the feet (གླེབས་) CD. To press down; to tread on DK. To press down, make flat DS. To flatten, press TC.གླེམ་གླེམ་CD, DK. གླེམས་DK.གླེམ་DK.གླེམས་DK To press, squeeze; to crush, squash (Jä.) CD. To squash, squeeze; to press, crush DK.གློང་གློང་DS. གློངས་DS.གློང་DS.གློངས་DSDS.DS. To scower DS.གློད་གློད་LZ, CD, DK, TC. གློད་LZ, DK, TC.གློད་LZ, DK, TC.གློད་LZ, DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.བཅུར་སེམས་སོགས་LZ. To relax, loosen; to release; to set free DK. To release, to set free, to let go, to let loose TC.གློན་གློན་CD, DS, TC. give as the present of གླན་དགའ་དགའ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགའ་ND, DK, [DS], TC.དགའ་DK, [DS]. TC.ཨྀND, TC. དགའ་DK.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To rejoice CD. To be happy, please; to be delighted DK. To become happy DS. To be glad, to be pleased, to be happy, take delight TC. Related by ablaut to མགུ་(Simon 1971: 474).དགར་དགར་LZ, CD, DK, (DS) TC. དགོར་ND. འགེར་ DS.བཀརད་LZ, ND.བཀར་DK, DS, TC.དགར་LZ, NDཎཌB ཨཔཔེཨརསཏོ་ཧབེ༹་དགའ་བུཏ་ཐིས་སེཨེམས་ཨུནལིཀཨེལཡ , DK, (DS), TC. བཀར་ DS.དགརད་LZ, DK.དཀོརད་ND. ཁོར་ DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.མང་པོ་ལས་LZ.ལོགས་སུའ྄ཨ྄ཱ ཟུར་དུ་ND. To separate; confine; place apart (men, cattle, goods) CD. To segregate; to cross examine; to separate; to isolate DK. 1. To separate. 2. To erect a tent with a poles. 3. To put under lamp light DS. 1. To set aside, to separate, to isolate, to quarantine, (usually following ལོགས་སུ་). 2. To erect, pitch a tent with a pole TC.དགས་དགས་CD, DK. འགེས་ CD. འགས་ DS. བཀས་CD, DK, DS.དགས་CD, DK, DS.དགས་DK. ཁོས་ CD, DS.CD, DS.DS.འགས2 [Chang 1971: vii.17] To crack; to split; to cleave (in two) (dgas) CD. To split, cleave, divide ('ges)CD. To crack; to split; to cut into halves or pieces DK. To split, break apart wood &c. with a knife or axe DS.དགུ་དགུ་CD, DK, TC. དགུ་DK, TC.དགུ་DK, TC.དགུ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To bend; to make crooked CD. To bend down, to become crooked DK. To bend down, to stoop down TC. Related to གུག་[Duff].དགེ་དགེ་ND. དགེ་ND.དགེས་དགེས་CD, DK. དགེས་DK.དགེས་DK.དགེས་DK. Delighted, pleased, cheered CD. To be delighted; to rejoice DK. perhaps related to དགྱེས་?དགོག་དགོག་LZ gives as the present of འགོག་2.དགོགས་1དགོགས་DK givess as the present of འགོག་2དགོགས་2དགོགས་DK. གོགས་DK.དགོག་DK.གོགས་DK. To cough DK.དགོངས་དགོངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགོངས་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.དགོངས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དགོངས་LZ, DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཐུགས་ལ་LZ. 1. To think, to reflect, to contemplate, to consider. 2. (usually with terminative of the infinitive) To purpose, intend CD. To think, to reflect, to contemplate, to consider DK. (honorific) To think, remember DS. (honorific) To think, intend TC.དགོད་1དགོད་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒོད་ CD, DK, (DS), (TC). བགད་LZ, [CD], ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒད་ [CD], (DS).རྒོད་DK.བགད་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒོད་ DK.དགོད་LZ, ND, DK DS, TC. རྒོད་ DK, (DS).ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གད་མོ་ 'laughter'NWH.གད་མོ་སོགས་ LZ. གད་མོ་ ND. To laugh (dgod) CD. 1. To laugh. 2. To grow weak, languid, indolent (rgod) CD. To make laugh or smile (dgod) DK. To focus; to become mentally excited (rgod) DK. To make a sound of joy, and manifest a delighted mind DS. To laugh TC. དགོད་2དགོད་LZ. gives as the present of འགོད་དགོར་དགོར་ND. gives as the present of དགར་དགོས་1དགོས་CD, DK, TC. དགོས་DK, TC.དགོས་DK, TC.དགོས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 191), (Hackett 2003). Implies necessity and what is due or desired; to be necessary, to want CD. To want; to be necessary DK. To need, require TC.དགོས་2DS. (an auxiliary verb when attached to the end of another verb) To encourage, exort to do DS.དགྱེ་དགྱེ་CD, DK, DS, TC. གྱེ་DK. དགྱེ་[DS], TC.དགྱེ་DK, [DS], TC.དགྱེ་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To bend; to be curving or crooked CD. To straighten DK. To bend backwards or straighten the body DS. To bend backwards, to lean backwards TC. Compare དགྱེད་དགྱེད་དགྱེད་TC. དགྱེད་TC.དགྱེད་TC.ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To fall backwards TC. Compare དགྱེ་.དགྱེད་2དགྱེད་(DS) gives as a present to འགྱེད་2དགྱེར་དགྱེར་CD, DK. give as the present of gyerདགྱེལ་དགྱེལ་CD, DS. To fall down, tumble down CD. To cause a person or upright thing to lie horizontally DS. Compare སྒྱེལ་.དགྱེས་དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, DK, [DS], TC.དགྱེས་KYN, LZ, DKཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).རང་གཞན་ལ་LZ. (honorific) 1. To rejoice, to be glad. 2. To be pleased to; to choose CD. To be delighted; to be happy, pleased; to rejoice DK. (honorific) To become happy DS. (honorific) To rejoice, to be happy, to be delighted TC. Root given as dgyes < *dgya < *dga (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15). cf. དགའ་དགྲད་དགྲད་DS. དགྲད་[DS]. དགྲད་[DS]. 1. Stretch the feet making the space between the two feet larger. 2. To spread apart (claws &c.) DS.དགྲོང་ཀྲོངས་LZ. དགྲོང་CD, DK, TC. འགྲོང་ ND, DS.བཀྲོངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འཁརོངས་ND.བཀྲོང་LZ, NDA, DK. དགྲོང་ DS, NDB, TC. ཀྲོངས་LZ. དགྲོངས་DK, TC. གྲོངས་ ND, DSDS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.འགྲོངས་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Gyurme 1992: 259).དུག་མཚོན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. བསད་པའི་ND. To die (respectful for ཤི་བ་) CD. To assassinate; to kill DK. To kill DS. (honorific) To be killed, to die TC.དགྲོལ་དགྲོལ་LZ. gives as the present of འགྲོལ་བགག་བགགས་LZ. འགོག་DK.བགག་ TC.བཀགས་LZ. བགགས་ (CD), DK, TC.བཀག་LZ. བགག་ DK, TC. བཀག་(DK).གོགས་LZ. ཁོགས་ DK. བགོགས་ TC.TC.DS, TC.ལམ་སོགས་LZ. To block, stop; to obstruct; to limit, retain DK. To impede, obstruct, block TC.DS gives བགགས་ as an alternative spelling of བསྒགས་ the past of sgog. Compare འགོག་.བགམ་བགམ་LZ, DK, TC. འགམ་ DS. བགམ་LZ. TC. བགམས་ DK, DS. བགམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བགམ་LZ. བགམས་ DK. འགོམས་ DS. བགོམ་TC.DS, C.DS, TC.ཉམས་དང་ཚོད་སོགས་LZ. To estimate a person; to examine indirectly, to spy DK. 1. To examine, determine, size up a situation DS. To test, to estimate, to judge, to guess TC.བགོ་བགོ་ND, DK, DS, TC. བགོས་ND, DK, DS, TC.བགོ་ND, DK, DS, TC.བགོས་ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀND. ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). NDDS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).བགོ་ཤ་གོ་ཆ་བག་ཆགས་(bgos) ND. གོ་ཆ་དང་སྐལ་བ་(-) ND. To put on, to wear DK. To make wear, to wear a garment &c. DS. 1. To wear, to clothe, to put on. 2. To divide, to apportion TC.བགོད་བགོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བགོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བགོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.བགོད་LZ, DK. བགོས་DS, TC.DS, C.DS, TC.འབུལ་རྫས་སོགས་LZ. To divide CD. To divide; to share DK. 1. To allocate, apportion, allot. 2. (mathematics) To divide DS. To divide, apportion, allocate TC.བགོམ་བགོམ་CD, ND give as the present of འགོམ་བགོམས་བགོམས་CD gives as the present of འགོམ་.བགོར་བགོར་CD, TC give as the present to འགོར་1.བགྱང་བགྱང་TC. gives as the present of འགྱངས་བགྱིད་བགྱིད་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགྱིས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགྱི་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གྱི་(Zeisler 2004: 348).གྱིས་KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཆོས་དགེ་བ་སོགས་LZ, བྱ་ལས་སོགས་ ND. To do, to make CD. To work, to do DK. To do an action DS. To do, to perform, to make, to carry out TC.བགྲང་འདྲེན་LZ, DK, (TC).གྲངས་LZ. བགྲང་CD, DS, TC. བགྲེང་ [CD] འགྲང་[CD] བགྲངས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བགྲང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འདྲོངས་LZ. འདྲེནད་DK. བགྲོངས་DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲོང་NWH.གྲངས་སོགས་(grangs) LZ.མ྄G྄ཨི་སོགས་('dren) LZ. To number, count, calculate CD. To count, calculate, find out by working with numbers DS. To count, enumerate, to compute, to calculate, to list, relate TC.བགྲད་བགྲད་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འགྲད་ [CD], DK.དགྲད་(DS).བགྲད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བགྲད་LZ, DK, [DS] TC.བགྲད་LZ. འགྲད་DK. བགྲོད་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.བསྒྲད་NWH.རྐང་པ་སོགས་LZ. To open wide (bgrad) CD. To spread, enter ('grad)CD. To open widely, e.g. one's mouth or leg's &c. To stare DK. To open the eyes wide DS. 1. To open wide, to spread apart, to expose. 2. To stretch out TC.བགྲིལ་བགྲིལ་CD, TC. བགྲིལ་TC.བགྲིལ་TC.བགྲིལ་TC.TC.TC.འགྲིལ་[TC] To fall down; to drop down CD. To cause to fall down, to bring down TC.བགྲུ་བགྲུ་DS gives as the present to བགྲུད་.བགྲུང་གྲུངས་LZ. བགྲུང་CD, ND, DS, TC. བགྲུངས་CD.འགྲུང་ DK.བགྲུངས་ LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགྲུང་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.གྲུངས་LZ. ཨྀND. བགྲུངས་ND, DS, TC.འགྲུངས་ DK.ND. ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ཆུའི་རྙོག་པ་སོགས་LZ.སྙོགས་མ་ (-) ND. རྙོག་མ་ (bgrungs) NDA. ༿༿ཨིལལེགཨིབལེཅཧརཨཅཏེར༾༾གསམ་ན་༼྄༽ (bgrungs) NDB. To strain; to depurate [sic] CD. To purify, to clean, to filter DK. To purify (water &c.) DS. To filter, to strain, to purify water TC.བགྲུད་གྲུས་LZ. བགྲུད་CD, ND, DK, (DS). བགྲུ་ DS, TC. བགྲུས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བགྲུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲུ་ ND.གྲུས་LZ, CD, DS. བགྲུད་ DK. བགྲུས་ TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.ནས་འབྲས་སོགས་LZ. ཡོས་དང་འགྲས་སོགས་ND. To clear of husks; to shell CD. To peel, to husk DK. To husk, to hull DS, TC.བགྲེ་བགྲེ་TC. (archaic) To wallow, to roll on the ground TC. བགྲེ་2བགྲེ་DK gives as the present of བགྲེས་.བགྲེང་བགྲེང་CD gives as 'occasionally for' sgeng, and as equivalent to བགྲང་བགྲེས་བགྲེ་DK. བགྲེས་DS, TC. བགྲེས་DK, [DS], TC.བགྲེ་DK. བགྲེས་[DS], TC.བགྲེས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To grow old; to age DK. (honorific) To become aged, to grow old TC. Root given as bgre < *b-gria (Beyer 1992: 83 n. 16) Compare རྒ་བགྲོ་བགྲོ་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བགྲོས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.བགྲོ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བགྲོས་LZ, DK, DS, TC. གྲོས་ND. ཨྀND.ND, DS, TC. ND.DS. TC.ཆོས་དང་གཞང་དོན་སོགས་LZ. བཀའ་ND 1. To argue, discuss, confer with, consider. 2. To resolve, decide CD. To discuss; to have a discussion; to debate DK. To discuss, confer DS. To discuss, consult, confer TC.བགྲོང་བགྲོང་ND. བགྲངས་ND. བགྲོང་ND. བགྲང་ND. བགྲོངས་NDB. བགྲངས་NDA. ཨྀ ND.ND.ND.གྲངས་སུ་ND.ND lists this verb twice once as བགྲོང་, བགྲོང་, -, -, and the second time with a textual problem in the imperative བགྲོང་, བགྲངས་, བགྲང་, བགྲོངས་ / བགྲངས་. The verb is only given in ND and he gives very ambiguous data. It is possible the involuntary listing, which has no Characteristic Example, I have mis-read for བགྲོད་, བགྲོད་, -, -.བགྲོད་བགྲོད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲོད་[CD], (DK). བགྲོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བགྲོད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བགྲོད་LZ, DK. TC. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ལམ་སོགས་LZ. To walk; to get over; wonder CD. To take route; to cross to go, to get through DK. 1. To go. 2. 'dod spyadDS. To go, to cross, to transverse TC. In the verb appendix of TC an imperative is given, but it is omitted in the body of the dictionary. མགར་མགར་DS, TC. མགར་[DS], TC.མགར་[DS], TC.མགོར་TC.TC.DS, TC. To smith DS. To forge utensils out of iron TC.མགུ་མགུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མགུ་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.མགུ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.མགུ་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཡིད་སོགས་LZ. 1. To rejoice, to be glad, joyful, content. 2. To exhilarate, to gladden, to make content CD. To rejoice; to satisfy; to be glad DK. To rejoice, to be pleased TC. Related by ablaut to དག་(Simon 1971: 474).མགྱོག་མགྱོག་ND. མགྱོགས་ND.མགྱོག་ND.ཨྀND.ND, (Hoshi 2003).རྟ་སོགས་ND. To be quick NWH.འགག་འགག་LZ, [CD], DK, DS, TC. འགགས་LZ, [CD], DK, DS, TC.འགག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགག་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགོག་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཆུ་རྒྱུན་དང་རྣམ་རྟོག་སོགས་LZ. To be stopped; to be halted CD. 1. To speak unclearly, to have difficulty speaking. 2. For something to be unable to be free from inside (e.g. a hole). 3. For a continuum to break off DS. To be blocked, to be obstructed TC.འགང་འགང་DK. gives as the present of གང་འགད་འགད་DS, TC. བཀད་DS, TC.དགད་DS, TC.ཁོད་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.འགས་(Duff). 1. To crack, split apart. 2. To make the pedals of a flower open DS. To crack open, to blast apart TC.འགབས་འགབས་DK. gives as the present of གབ་འགམ་འགམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགམས་LZ, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239). བགམ་ DK. བགམས་DS.འགམ་LZ, TC. དགམ་DK. བགམ་DS.འགོམས་LZ, DS, TC. འགམས་ DK.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 239).ཕྱེ་རྩམ་སོགས་LZ. To cram into the mouth, especially of dry edibles CD. To throw food into the mouth DK. 1. To examine, determine, size up a situation 2. To put (tsam pa &c.) in to the mouth DS. To swallow, gulp down (used of barley flour and dry powders) TC.འགལ་འགལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགལད་LZ, DK. འགལ་[DS], TC.འགལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003).ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. To contradict, to disagree, to mistake CD. To be mistaken; to be violated, trespassed DK. To be contradictory, to contradict, to be contrary to TC. འགས་1འགས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འགེས་ CD. བཀས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. དགས་KYT, CD, ND, DS, TC. བཀས་ KYNZ.བཀད་KYNC, LZ. ཁོས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC. DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགས2 [Chang 1971: vii.17] (Chang 1971: vii.27), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178). གས་TC.མགོ་བོ་སོགས་LZ, དུམ་བུར་ཁ་སོགས་NDB, དུམ་བུར་ཀ་བཀས་སོགས་NDA. To split, to crack, to burst apart ('gas) CD. To split, cleave, divide ('ges) CD. To cleave, crack, split (wood &c.) by striking with a knife or axe DS. To crack, to split TC. This verb and དགས་ are not to be distinguished.འགས་2འགས་LZ, CD, DK, TC. གས་LZ, DK, TC.དགས་LZ. འགས་DK, TC.གས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགད་(Duff). འགས་1 (Chang 1971: vii.27), (Róna-Tas 1985: 178)སྣོད་དང་ཤེལ་སོགས་LZ. To split, to crack, to burst apart CD. To be cracked, to be broken DK. To crack, to split open, to burst open TC. to be identified with གས་.འགི་འགི་TC.(Skorupski 2001). (dialect) To be TC.འགུགས་འགུག་KYT, KYN, (LZ), [CD], (ND), (DS). འགུགས་ TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀུག་KYT, KYN, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀུགས་TD.དགུག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀུག་ LZ.ཁུག་KYT, TD, ND, [CD], LZ, DS, TC. ཁུགས་KYN, DK.KYT, KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཁུག་(Gyurme 1992: 259).ལྕགས་ཀྱུ་སོགས་TD, རྣམ་ཤེས་དང་གྲོགས་སོགས་LZ, མདུན་དུ་ཚེ་སོགས་ND. To summon, bring back CD. To call, recall somebody; to cause to come; to bend something DK. 1. To make bend. 2. To overpower. 3. To change the characteristic of something into something else DS. 1. To bend, to cause to bend. 2. To summon, to call, to attract, to interest TC.འགུད་འགུད་[CD], DK. གུད་[CD], DK.གུད་DK.གུད་DK. To go aside; to avoid DK.CD invites under འགུད་ ' v[ide] གུད་' and under གུད་ ' v[ide] འགུད་'.འགུམ་འགུམ་CD (archaic), DK, TC. གུམ་DK, TC.འགུམས་(Chang 1971: vii.17).འགུམ་DK, TC.གུམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགུམས་(Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259): (Duff). To die (of natural death, of disease) CD. To die DK, TC. Compare ཀུམ་འགུམས་འགུམས་ND, DK, DS, TC. འགུམ་(Chang 1971: vii.17)བཀུམས་ND, DS, TC. བཀུམ་DK.དགུམ་ND, DK, DS, TC.གུམས་ND. འགུམས་DK. ཁུམ་DS. ཁུམས་TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.འགུམ་(Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)སྲོག་ ND. To kill; to put to death DK. To kill DS, TC.འགུལ་འགུལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགུལད་LZ, DK. འགུལ་[DS], TC.འགུལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགུལ་LZ.འགུལད་DK.ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒུལ་(Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff)ས་སོགས་LZ. To move, quake, shake CD. To become unsteady, to move DK. To move apart from a previous location, to change a previous characteristic or location DS. To move, to shake TC.འགེགས་འགེགས་CD, DS give as a present of འགོག་འགེང་འགེང་KYT, KYN, LZ, (DK), DS. འགེངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. བཀང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀངས་ LZ.དགང་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀང་ LZ.ཁེངས་KYT. ཁོང་KYN, CD, TC. ཁོངས་LZ, ND, DS. གེངས་ LZ འགེངས་DK.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གང་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཁེང་(Beyer 1992: 113), (Duff)བུམ་བཅཧུས་TD. སྣོད་སོགས་('geng, bkang, bkang, khongs) LZ. མདའ་('gengs, bkangs, bkang, gengs) LZ. བུམ་པ་ལྟ་བུ་ཆུ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་('gengs, bkhang, dgang, khongs)LZ. སྣོད་དང་གཞུ་སོགས་ND. To fill up, to satiate CD. To fill up; to fulfill; to pull the string of a bow with an arrow for shooting DK. 1. To fill. 2. To draw a bow string TC. Compare སྐོང་, and ཁེང་.འགེབས་འགེབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགེབ་ (DK). བཀབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དགབ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བགབ་CD.ཁོབས་LZ, ND, DS. ཁོབ་CD, DK, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ཁེབས་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 113), (Duff). གབ་ (Chang vii.16-17), (Gyurme 1992: 259). སྒབ་[CD], [Coblin 1986]ཁེབས་ 'a cover'NWH.ན་བཟའ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ, གོས་དང་དྲེབས་སོགས་྄ NDB, གོས་དང་ཁེབས་སོགས་NDA. To cover up, to put on; to conceal CD. To cause to spread over; to cover; to put on, to wear DK. 1. To become obscure from darkness. 2. To hide, make secret DS. To conceal, to cover TC.འགེམ་འགེམ་DS. འགེམས་TC. འགེམས་DS, TC.འགེམ་DS. འགེམས་TC.འགེམས་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To defeat, subdue, overcome DS. To crush TC.འགེར་འགེར་DS gives as the present of དགར་འགེལ་འགེལ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཀལ་CD. བཀལད་ND. བཀལ་DK, DS, TC.དགལ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁོལ་CD, DS, TC ཁོལད་ND. འགེལད་DK.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྒལ་[Coblin 1986] འཁེལ་(Beyer 1992: 113).ཁལ་དང་ཁྲལ་སོགས་ND. To load, to lay on a burden, to impose tax or rent, to commission; to put, to place on, over; to impose a fine; to give punishment CD. To give responsibilities, to load; to impose, lay a tax, to levy a tax DK. 1. To burden cattle with a load. 2. To trust, hope. 3. For someone of high rank to impose a certain task or aim to be accomplished upon person of lower rank DS. 1. To impose, to burden. 2. To load a pack animal. 3. to hang. 4. To trust, to entrust TC.འགེས་འགེས་CD gives as the present of དགས་ or འགས་འགོ་འགོ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགོས་LZ, CD, DK, DS. གོས་CD, TC.འགོ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གོས་LZ. འགོས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.སྒོ་(Chang 1971: vii.18), (Duff).ལུས་ལྷ་དང་སྐྱོན་སོགས་LZ. To stain, lose color, dirty sully CD. To be infected; to be covered DK. For one thing to stick to or contaminate another thing DS. 1. To catch (an illness), to be infected. 2. To be stained, to be sullied, to have a stain or substance stick to oneself TC.འགོག་1འགོག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགོགས་CD. འགེགས་ CD, (DS).བཀག་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགག་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགགས་CD.ཁོགས་KYT, DK, DS. ཁོག་ KYN, TD, LZ, ND, TC. KYT, KYN, TC, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276), (Hackett 2003).འགག་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཁེགས་(Beyer 1992: 113).གཞན་གྱི་གྲུབ་མཐའ་སོགས་TD, གྲུབ་མཐའ་དང་རྒོལ་ངན་སོགས་LZ, ལམ་སོགས་དགག་བྱ་ ND. To prevent; to avert unfortunate events, as danger, to suppress, drive back, expel CD. To hinder, obstruct, keep back or in CD. To block, obstruct; to stop, hinder; limit DK. 1. To obstruct, to block, to interrupt. 2. To resist, to oppose TC. Compare བགག་. འགོག་2དགོག་LZ. འགོག་CD, ND, DS, TC. དགོགས་DK བཀོགས་LZ. བཀོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བཀོག་LZ. དགོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.གོག་LZ. ཁོག་CD, ND, DK, TC. ཁོགས་DS.CD, ND, DS TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.གོག་(Chang 1971: vii.17). ཁོག་ (Gyurme 1992: 259).རྩ་བ་སོགས་LZ, རྩ་བ་ནས་ND. 1. To take away forcibly; to snatch, take away, pull out. 2. To take off a cover, lid CD. To detach from; to pull out; to extract; to extirpate DK 1. For something which adheres together to separate apart. 2. To pluck, comb DS. 1. To extract, to pull out. 2. To detach, to scrape off, to peel off TC. འགོགས་འགོགས་CD gives as the present of འགོག་1.འགོང་འགོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. བཀོང་CD. འགོངས་DK, DS.འགོང་DK, DS.འགོངས་DK. ཨྀDS.DS.DS. To bewitch, enchant, pass over, get the better of. (the past tense བཀོང་ in compounds means 'threat') CD. To be trespassed or violated; to be disgraced; to be afraid of DK. 1. To obtain release from entrapment. 2. To surpass, exceed DS. (archaic) 1. To be intimidated, to be afraid, to be oppressed. 2. To transgress. 3. To rival, to get the better of. 4. To demean, to put down. 5. To exceed, to go beyond. 6. To be released, to escape TC. Compare བཀོང་1 and འཁོང་.འགོད་འགོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགོད་LZ.བགོད་KYTC, འགོད་KYTZ,བཀོད་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དགོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འཁོད་CD.ཁོད་KYT, KYNZ (see note), LZ, ND, CD, DS, TC. འཁོད་KYNC, TD, LZ, (DS). འགོད་DKKYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཁོད་(Beyer 1992: 112), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).འགོ་(Chang vii.19, see note)གནས་སུ་TD, ཚོམ་བུ་དང་ཡི་གེར་སོགས་སུ་('god) LZ, གྲལ་དང་གནས་སུ་(dgod) LZ. རྒྱན་དང་བདེ་དང་བྲལ་སོགས་ND. 1. To design, project, plan; to found, establish, lay out; to fix, put ('god) CD. To build, arrange, plan (bkod) CD. To register, make a record; to coronate, enthrone; to make peace; to put a signature or seal on DK. 1. To insert, to establish, to put, to secure. to rectify. 2. To design, to formulate, to plan out, to build, to lay out. 3. To write, to sign, to record, to document TC. Root given as *go+d (Chang 1971: vii.18).KYNZ has an erasure of one character i.e. འཁོད་ may have been the original reading. (Chang 1971: vii.18) suggests that 'god functions as a causative of འགོ་ in Lhasa dialect. (Uray 1972: 19) connects this verb with མཁོས་/ཁོས་/ཁོད་ 'institution, administration, settlement of the state' along with the verbs, སྐོ་ and འཁོད་. (Takeuchi 1990: 175) suggests that the noun གོད་ 'order to execute' is derived from the intransitive perfect form of this verb. འགོམ་གོམ་LZའགོམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བགོམ་ CD, ND. བགོམས་ (CD).བགོམས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བགོམདLZབགོམ་ND, DK, DS, TC.འགོམ་LZཨྀ ND. གོམས་DK, DS. བགོམས་TC. NDDS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྐང་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. གོམ་པ་NDA, གོམ་པས་NDB. To walk, step, stride, pace (bgom) CD. 1. To tread. 2. (Acc. Sch. = འགེས་, འགུམ་) To pass over, = འགྲོ་('gom) CD. To walk; to pace DK. To pass thither from above DS. To walk over, to cross over, to pass over TC.འགོར་1བགོར་CD, TC. འགོར་ CD, DK, DS. བགོརད་DK.བགོར་ DS, TC.བགོར་DK, DS, TC.འགོརད་DK. བགོར་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.འགོར2 (Duff). To linger, loiter in the way; delay CD. To delay; to detain DK. To make time pass DS. To take [time], to elapse, to delay TC.འགོར་2འགོར་LZ, CD, DK, TC. འགོརད་LZ, DK. འགོར་ TC.འགོར་LZ, DK, TC.འགོརད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 271), (Hoshi 2003).TC.[Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 271).འགོར1 (Duff)དུས་དང་ལམ་སོགས་སུ་LZ. To tarry, linger, loiter CD. To be delayed; to be late DK. To take time, to be delayed TC.འགོལ་འགོལ་CDgives as the present to gol. འགོལད་འགོལད་DKgives as the present to གོལ་. འགྱག་འགྱག་CD, DK. གྱགས་DK. གྱག་DK.འགྱགས་DK. To be sold, spend, expended (Cs.) CD. To lose, to destroy DK.CD suggests comparison with སྐྱག་འགྱང་འགྱང་CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྱངས་CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྱང་DK, DS, TC.འགྱངས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱངས་(Duff). སྒྱང་ NWH. To be delayed, postponed, farthest [sic] CD. To be delayed; to be late DK. For time to pass DS. To delay, to postpone, to put off TC.འགྱངས་འགྱངས་LZ, DK. བགྱང་TC.བགྱངས་LZ, DK, (DS), TC.བརྒྱངས་(LZ).བགྱང་LZ, DK, (DS), TC.འགྱངས་LZ, DK.བགྱོངས་TC.TC. TC.འགྱང་(Duff)དུས་དང་ཡུན་སོགས་LZ. To delay DK. To cause a delay DS. To postpone, delay TC. Compare སྒྱང་འགྱས་འགྱས་DK. གྱས་DK.གྱ་DK.གྱོས་DK. To decay; to diminish DK.འགྱིང་འགྱིང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. འགྱིངས་LZ, DK, TC. འགྱིང་ND.འགྱིང་LZ, DK, TC.འགྱིང་LZ. འགྱིངས་DK, TC. ཨྀ ND.ND.TC. TC.སྒྱིང་(Duff).ཉམས་ཀྱིས་LZ. 1. To assume air or appearance of greatness; to sit lifting up in the manner of a lion. 2. To look haughtily; to look down upon; to slight a person CD. To assume a posture, to pose DK. To put on airs, to act haughtily or arrogantly TC.འགྱུ་འགྱུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྱུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུ་LZ. འགྱུས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.དུས་ཚེ་སོགས་ལ་LZ. To move quickly to and fro (e.g. lightning, a mirage, the mind) CD. To focus one's mind on an object; to scatter from the intended object of meditation; to form the limbs of a child in the womb DK. 1. To quiver back and forth. 2. To be mentally distracted DS. To move TC. Compare རྒྱུ་འགྱུར་འགྱུར་LZ, CD DS. འགྱུརད་DK. - TC (see note).གྱུརད་ LZ.གྱུར་CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུར་DS, TC (see note).འགྱུར་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྱུར་LZ.གྱུརད་DK.ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Goldstein 1991: 130), (Hackett 2003).སྒྱུར་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.20-21), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). 1. To become; to grow, increase, change. 2. (Annexed to an infinitive may denote either the perfect or future tense, the context decides in every instance how it is to be understood) CD. To change, become DK. For an essence, ingredient, circumstance &c. to arise as different from before DS. 1. To change, alter. 2. To turn into, become TC.DS gives two verbs འགྱུར་, གྱུར་, འགྱུར་, - and འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་ -, just like TC does. However for DS the two definitions are the same. TC lists འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་, འགྱུར་, -, and -, གྱུར་, འགྱུར་, - as two verbs the second immediatley following the first in his verb tables. However in the body of the dictionary under 'gyur the first definition is listed without verb stems. The second definition is listed with the stems: འགྱུར་, གྱུར་, འགྱུར་, - with the definition 'to be established, or arise different than before'. (Li yung khrang 1988) which is supposed to be an excerpt of verb material form TC is exactly the same but lists defintion one with the stems: 'gyur, 'gyur, 'gyur, -. (Hoshi 2003) also distinguishes two verbs NWH.འགྱེ་1 འགྱེ་LZ, CD, DS. give as the present of འགྱེས་འགྱེ་2འགྱེ་LZ gives as the present of འགྱེད་1འགྱེད་1འགྱེ་LZ. འགྱེད་(LZ), CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀྱེས་LZ, ND, DS, TC. བགྱེས་CD.བཀྱེ་DK, (DS). བཀྱེ་LZ, CD, TC. དགྱེ་ND, DS. དགྱེད་DK.བཀྱེ་LZ. ཀྱེས་(LZ). ཁྱེས་ND, (DS), TC. འགྱེད་DK. ཁྱེ་DS.ND, DS, TC.CD (def. 1), DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱེས་(Chang 1971: vii.20).འཁྱེད་ (Coblin 1986), (Beyer 1992: 113)འོད་ཟེར་སོགས་LZ,སྤྲུལ་པ་འོད་སྦྱིན་ ND. 1. To divide, to scatter, disperse. 2. To institute, set going. 3. To give an entertainment, banquet CD. To focus rays; to send; to distribute; to fight a war DK. 1. To deploy (troops in battle). 2. To apply paint, varnish.3. To mutually fight. 4. To give, having divided into pieces. 5. To give off, radiant light DS. 1. To send, to dispatch. 2. To emit. 3. To display, to send forth. 4. To dispute. 5. To give TC.འགྱེད་2འགྱེད་DS. དགྱེད་(DS). བཀྱེད་DS.བགྱེད་DS. དགྱེད་(DS).ཁྱེད་DS.DS.DS. To stretch, prolong DS.འགྱེད་3འགྱེད་LZ. འགྱེད་LZ.འགྱེད་LZ.འགྱེད་LZ.འགྱེད་སྟོན་སོགས་LZ. perhaps to be connected with འགྱེད་1འགྱེར་འགྱེརད་CD. འགྱེར་DK, DS, TC. གྱེར་DK.འགྱེར་DK.གྱེརད་DK.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To drop, or let fall; to throw down; to quit, abandon, throw away (Sch.) CD. To give up; to abandon DK. (archaic) 1. To get rid of, hide away. 2. To separate, break a connection DS. (archaic) To renounce, to abandon TC.འགྱེལ་འགྱེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. འགྱེལད་LZ. འགྱེལ་ND, [DS], TC.གྱེལ་(Chang 1971: vii.20)འགྱེལ་LZ, [DS], TC.འགྱེལ་LZ. ཨྀND, TC. གྱེལ་(Chang 1971: vii.20)ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྱེལ་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.20), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ས་ལ་LZ. To fall; to tumble down CD. (for a person or upright thing) To lie horizontally DS. To fall, to collapse TC. Root given as gyel < *gyal < gal (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15)འགྱེས་འགྱེ་ LZ, CD, DS.འགྱེས་CD, ND, DK, TC. གྱེས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྱེས་LZ.འགྱེས་ND, TC.འགྱེ་LZ, DK, DS.གྱེས་LZ, CD, ND. གྱེད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC. ND, CD.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC, DS.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱེད་(Chang 1971: vii.20), [Coblin 1986].སོ་སོར་LZ, ND. 1. To be dispersed; to be divided. 2. To issue, proceed, spread, branch from CD. To become separate; to disperse; to be divorced DK. 1. To separate, place apart DS. To be separated, to separate, to split TC. Root given as gye < *gya < *ga (Beyer 1992: 84 n. 15). cf. འགས་.འགྱོག་འགྱོག་LZ, CD, DS, TC. འགྱགས་LZ. བཀྱགས་DS, TC.འགྱོག་LZ, DS. བཀྱག་TC.ཆོགས་LZ. ཁྱོགས་DS. ཁྱོག་(DS), TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.], (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 137).མགྲོན་འགྲུལ་རྣམས་LZ. To ascend CD. To lift, hold a thing up DS. To raise, to lift, to support TC.འགྱོད་འགྱོད་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྱོད་ND, DK, [DS], TC.འགྱོད་DK, [DS], TC.འགྱོད་DK. ཨྀ ND, TC.ND, TC.DS, TC. To repent; to grieve for. To lament, relent (not only for bad, but also for good actions, when the latter are attended with disadvantages) CD. To repent; to feel sorry; to befall of regret DK. To mentally suffer latter on account of an action previously done DS. To regret, to fell remorse, to feel sorry TC.འགྲགས་འགྲགས་CD. gives as a present of གྲགས་1 and གྲགས་2འགྲང་འགྲང་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲངས་LZ, [CD], DK, DS, TC.འགྲང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲང་LZ. འགྲངས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 249).ཟས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To satisfy with food; to satiate CD. To be full (after meals) DK. To be sated, satiated, to be full TC.འགྲང་2འགྲང་[CD] gives as the present of བགྲང་འགྲད་འགྲད་CD, DK give as the present of བགྲད་. འགྲན་འགྲན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྲནད་LZ, DK. འགྲན་[DS], TC.འགྲན་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲན་LZ. འགྲནད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC.སྒྲུན་[CD].ཕན་ཚུན་རྩལ་སོགས་LZ. To vie with, contend with; to strive (for victory) CD. To compete, to challenge DK. To contest for victory DS. To rival, to compete, to contest, to hold a test TC.འགྲམས་འགྲམས་CD, DK, TC. གྲམ་DK. འགྲམས་TC.འགྲམ་DK. འགྲམ་TC.གྲམས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. To spread over CD. To be spread out, dispersed, scattered DK. To pervade, to diffuse, to be agitated TC. Compare གྲམ་ and འགྲེམ་འགྲས་འགྲས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྲས་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲས་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དགྲ་སོགས་དང་LZ. To hate, to bear ill-will, to have spite against CD. To have spite; to hate DK. For the thought of fighting against an enemy to arise DS. To come to hate, to dislike TC. related to noun དགྲ་ 'enemy'.འགྲིག་འགྲིག་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲིགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲིག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲིགས་LZ. འགྲིགས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Abs. Obl.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166). (Hackett 2003).འཁྲིག་(Beyer 1992: 112).སྒྲིག་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.19), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).རྟེན་འབྲེལ་སོགས་LZ. To suit, agree, correspond; to be right CD. To be suitable; to be fitting; to be ok DK. 1. To agree, accord, be in harmony. 2. To be appropriate, suitable DS. 1. To suit, to be suitable. 2. To make harmonious, to reconcile TC.འགྲིབ་འགྲིབ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གྲིབ་(Zeisler 2004: 462).འགྲིབ་ND, [DS], TC. འགྲིབས་DK.འགྲིབ་DK, [DS], TC.འགྲིབས་DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲིབ་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259). 1. To grow dim; to get dark (Cs.) 2. To grow less, to decrease, to be diminished, to decay CD. To be diminished; to decay; to become smaller; to be reduced DK. To become smaller, to become fewer DS. 1. To decrease, to decline. 2. To grow dim, to be covered to set, to disappear TC.(Beyer 1992: 73) suggests comparison with རབ་རིབ་ 'mist, dimness'.འགྲིམ་འགྲིམ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲིམས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྲིམ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.གྲིམས་LZ. འགྲིམས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).ཟ་ཏུགས་དང་ཆོས་གྲྭ་སོགས་LZ. To march about, perambulate; to rove or stroll about; walk round CD. To wander from place to place; to travel widely, to advance through monastic life, &c. DK. 1. To go to many places. 2. To link from one thing to another DS. To travel, to journey, to wander, to undergo, to attend TC.འགྲིལ་འགྲིལ་CD, DS, TC. འགྲིལད་DK. གྲིལ་CD, DS, DS. འགྲིལ་TC.འགྲིལ་DK, DS, TC.གྲིལད་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲིལ་[CD], (Rona-Tas 1978: 359), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). 1. To be twisted or wrapped round, to be collected, concentrated; to flock or crowd together. 2. To be turned, rounded, made circular or cylindrical. 3. To fall, drop down (for འཁྲིལ་Sch.) CD. To roll up; to snowball DK. 1. To twist, turn. 2. (according to some དག་ཡིག་ 'spelling primers') To collect together, to wrap in DS. 1. To be rolled up, to recoil, to be condensed, to be assembled. 2. To roll down TC. Root given as ril (Rona-Tas 1978: 359), (Beyer 1992: 73)(Rona-Tas 1978: 359) calls འདྲིལ་ 'to be turned, rolled round, twisted into a thing.' the 'passive' of this verb, in addition he suggests a connection to the adjective ཧྲིལ་པོ་ 'round, globular, close, dense' and the noun རིལ་བ་'scroll'. (Beyer 1992: 73) similarly suggests comparision with རིལ་པོ་ 'round'.འགྲུ་འགྲུ་CD. gives as the present of འགྲུས་.འགྲུང་འགྲུང་DK gives as the present of བགྲུང་འགྲུབ་འགྲུབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲུབས་DK. གྲུབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.འགྲུབ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.འགྲུབ་LZ. གྲུབས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).[CD], DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲུབ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).གྲབས་ 'preparation' (Simon 1971: 474).བསམ་དོན་སོགས་LZ. (Situ 69) To be accomplished; to be made ready, to be finished CD. To be accomplished DK. 1. To become, arise. 2. To exist, stay. 3. To know, understand DS. To become accomplished, to be made, to be fulfilled, to be completed TC.འགྲུམ་འགྲུམ་CD.འགྲུམས་DK.གྲུམས་DS. གྲུམ་TC. དྲུམ་ (TC).གྲུམས་CD, DK, [DS], TC.འགྲུམ་DK.གྲུམས་[DS]. གྲུམ་TC. གྲུམས་DK.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. To pinch, nip off (the point of a thing); to cut off; to prime, lop, clip the wings (Cs.) CD. To be broken or cracked DK. To break into many pieces DS. 1. To be broken, to be damaged. 2. To be exhausted, to be worn out TC.འགྲུལ་འགྲུལ་CD, DK, TC. འགྲུལད་DK. འགྲུལ་TC.འགྲུལ་DK, TC.འགྲུལད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.འཁྲུལ་(Beyer 1992: 112). 1. To walk; to pass; to ravel. 2. Fig. To walk, to live, act, or behave. 3. To pass as good; to be current (of coins) CD. To journey; to go DK. To travel, to tour, to take a trip TC.འགྲུས་འགྲུས་LZ, TC. འགྲུ་CD.འགྲུས་LZ, [CD], TC.གྲུས་CD.འགྲུས་LZ, TC.འགྲུས་LZ, TC.TC.DS, TC.ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ལ་LZ. To bestow pains upon a thing CD. To persevere, to be diligent TC.འགྲེ་འགྲེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. འགྲེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འགྲེ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.འགྲེས་LZ, ND, DK. ཨྀND, DS, TC.NDND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲེ་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).སྔ་ཕྱི་LZ, རིགས་ND. To roll one's self CD. To apply a same reasoning; to adjust one's sleeping position DK. 1. To turn over the body while lying down. 2. To use previous reasoning to consider an new topic DS. 1. To be collated, to be juxtaposed, to be mixed. 2. To toss and turn. 3. (archaic) To move TC.འགྲེང་འགྲེང་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. འགྲེངས་LZ, DK, TC. འགྲེང་ND, [DS].འགྲེང་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གྲེངས་LZ. ཨྀND. འགྲེངས་DK, TC.ND.TC. DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲེང་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.19), [Coblin 1986], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).གྱེན་དང་ལུས་སོགས་LZ. To stand CD. To rise up; to get up DK. To stand up, to rise up TC.འགྲེད་འགྲེད་LZ, (DS), (TC). give as a present of འདྲེད་འགྲེམ་1འགྲེམ་KYT, KYN, CD, (ND), DS. འགྲེམས་LZ, ND, DK, (CD), TC. བཀྲམ་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.དགྲམ་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཁྲོམས་KYT, KYN, LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC.ཁྲེམས་DK.KYT, KYN, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲམ་(Gyurme 1992: 258)(Duff).རྒྱན་དར་སོགས་LZ, ཆུ་དང་གཅལ་དུ་ND. To spread (as of grain, for drying) CD. To scatter; to spread out DK. To spread, to lay out many things DS. To be spread out, to lay out, to distribute TC.འགྲེམ་2འགྲེམ་LZ. འགྲེམས་LZ.འགྲེམ་LZ.གྲེམས་LZ.ཆབ་སོགས་LZ.འགྲེལ་1འགྲེལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲལད་LZ, ND, DK. བཀྲལ་DS, TC.དགྲོལ་LZ, DS, TC. དགྲལ་ND. བཀྲལ་DK.འགྲེལད་LZ, DK. ཁྲོལད་ND. ཁྲོལ་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གཞུང་ཚིག་སོགས་LZ. དགོངས་ལ་ཁྱལ་དང་འགྲེལ་NDB.དགོངས་ལ་ཁྱལ་དང་འགྲེལ་པ་NDA.1. To beg, supplicate. 2. To put in, arrange. 3. To explain, comment upon CD. To classify; to elucidate meaning; to explain in detail DK. To comment on, to elucidate the difficult points of a text TC.འགྲེལ་2འགྲེལ་ND. འགྲེལ་ND. འགྲོ་འགྲོ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སོང་CD, DS. འགྲོ་ND.ཕྱིནད་DK.ཕྱིན་TC.འགྲོ་DK, DS, TC.སོང་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱུ་ (Denwood 1999)CD, DS, TC, (Goldstein 1991: 93), (Gyurme 1992: 251), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Goldstein 1991: 93), (Gyurme 1992: 251).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To go, to live CD. To go, to move DK. 1. To go, to proceed, to set off, to move. 2. To be acceptable [to the senses]. 3. To hold, to contain. 4. To become. 5. To be used for TC. Root given as 'gro < ' + TB *ga + *ro, *ro < TB *ra 'to come' (Delancey 1908: 233)song < s + *ong, *ong < TB *wang (Delancey 1980: 233). The past tense སོང་ is more typical of eastern dialects whereas phyin more of central dialects (Tournadre pers. comm.). Denwood's imperative is for Lhasa dialect. For more etymological thoughts on motion verbs compare འོང་. འགྲོགས་འགྲོགས་CD, ND, DK, TC. འགྲོག་(DK), DS. འགྲོགས་ND, DK, DS, TC.འགྲོགས་DK, TC. འགྲོག་(DK), DS.ཨྀND, DS.འགྲོགས་DK, TC.ND, DS.TC. DS. TC.[Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368), (Hackett 2003). To associate with; to keep company, to be in the company of; to accompnay CD. To be accompanied by; to associate with; to stay together DK. To act with mutual connection, to co-habitate, to co-operate DS. To accompany, to associate with TC. Perhaps to be compared with རོགས་ 'help'འགྲོང་འགྲོང་ND, DSgive as the present of དགྲོང་འགྲོངས་འགྲོང་ND.འགྲོངས་DK, TC. འགྲོང་ND. གྲོང་DK. གྲོངས་. TC.འགྲོང་DK. འགྲོངས་TC.ཨྀND, TC. གྲོངས་DK.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC.དགྲོང་(Chang 1971: vii.18), (Gyurme 1992: 259).རོ་'corpse'(Hahn 1999: 124) To die CD. (honorific) To die TC. Root given as 'g- ro - ng (Hahn 1999: 124)འགྲོད་འགྲོད་DK gives as a present of བགྲོད་འགྲོལ་འགྲོལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དགྲོལ་LZ.བཀྲོལ་KYT, KYN, DK, DS, TC. བཀྲོལད་TD, LZ, ND.དགྲོལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཁྲོལ་KYT, DS, TC.ཁྲོལད་KYN, LZ, ND, DK. གྲོལད་TD, LZ.KYT, KYN, TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. གྲོལ་༼Cཧང་1971༔ བི༹ཨི18༽, (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). སྒྲོལ་[Duff]མདུད་པ་སོགས་TD,མདུད་བཅིངས་སོགས་ ('grol) LZ,བཅིངས་པ་སོགས་(dgrol) LZ, མདུད་པ་ཁྲིམས་ ND. To unravel, to make loose, to set free, to unfasten CD. To loosen; to set free from bondage DK. 1. (for a knot, tied rope &c.) To unravel, unwind. 2. (for a higher ranking [person]) To allow, approve DS. 1. To untie, to unravel, to liberate, to release, to unfasten. 2. To comment on, to elucidate TC.འགྲོལ་2འགྲོལ་ orའགྲོལད་CD, DK, (Bielmeier 1988: 20)give as the present to གྲོལ་.རྒ་རྒ་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒད་DK. རྒས་CD, DK, DS, TC.རྒ་DK, DS, TC.རྒས་DK. ཨྀDS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be old, aged. 2. To go down, to set (of the sun) (Jä) CD. To become old; to become physically weak, to become lean and thin DK. 1. (for men or cattle) To age. 2. To become old, for time to pass DS. To age, to grow old TC. Root given as rga < *gra (Beyer 1992: 85 n.16) related to the nouns རྒད་པོ་, རྒད་མོ་, རྒན་པོ་, རྒན་མོ་, རྒས་པོ་, རྒས་མོ་ 'old man, old woman' and the verb བགྲེས་.རྒལ་རྒོལ་LZ, ND, (DS). རྒལ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྒལད་LZ, ND, DK.བརྒལ་CD, DS, TC. བརྒལ་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.རྒོལད་LZ, ND, DK. རྒོལ་CD, DS, TC. CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).སྒྲོལ་[Beyer 1992: 85]ཆུ་སོགས་དང་གཞན་དང་LZ, ཕར་ལ་ND. To ford (a river), to travel through, to pass over, to surmount a pass CD. To cross the river, to cross a limit, to take a bath DK. To cross (a river, valley, pass). 2. To pass, exceed a measure. 3. To go into water DS. To cross, to traverse, to go beyond, to exceed TC. Root given as rgal < *gral (Beyer 1992: 85).CD gives རྒལ་བ་ and རྒལ་པ་, the latter perhaps indicates the variant rgald pa. རྒུད་རྒུད་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒུད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རླུང་རྟ་སོགས་LZ. To decline, to sink, grow fail CD. To decay; to decline; to become weak or smaller DK. To break down (of power, ability &c. ) DS. To decline, to deteriorate TC.རྒོད་རྒོད་CD, DK give as a separate verb from and DS, TC give as an an alternate present to དགོད་.རྒོལ་རྒོལ་KYN, CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྒལད་KYN, DK. བརྒལ་TC.རྒོལ་CD. རྒོལ་[DS].བརྒལ་KYN, ND, DK, TC. བརྒོལ་DK.རྒོལད་KYN.རྒོལ་ DK, TC.KYN, ND, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To dispute, combat, fight, make controversy CD. To find out by debating, to debate DK. 1. To fight. 2. To negate DS. To oppose, to attack, to assault, to resist TC. Whether KYN intends these forms here or a རྒལ་ cannot be known. རྒྱ་1རྒྱ་CD, ND, TC. རྒྱས་DK, DS.རྒྱས་CD, ND, [DK], DS, TC.རྒྱ་ND, TC.རྒྱས་DK, [DS].ཨྀND, TC.རྒྱས་ND, DK.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003).སངས་(-) ND, སངས་རྒྱ་དམིགས་རྒྱ་ (rgyas) ND.To increase in bulk or quantity, to augment, to spread CD. To increase, enlarge, flourish DK. To increase, to multiply DS. To increase, to swell, to grow larger, to develop TC.རྒྱ་2རྒྱ་CD. To be useful and of service, to exert oneself CD. རྒྱག་1རྒྱོབ་LZ. རྒྱབ་CD, DK. རྒྱག་(CD Central Dialect), DK, DS, TC. རྒྱེག་ND.བརྒྱབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC.བརྒྱབས་ND, DK, (DS). རྒྱག་ DK.བརྒྱབ་LZ, CD, DK, DS. བརྒྱག་ND, TC. རྒྱག་ DK. རྒྱོབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱབས་ DK. རྒྱག་ DK. CD, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 166), (Hackett 2003).ཟོར་དང་མཚོན་སོགས་LZ. རྡོ་སོགས་ND. To throw, to fling; to hit, to beat, to strike CD. The meaning of this verb differs according to context, e.g. to build; to shoot; to reply; to mark, etc. DK. 1. i. To strike, to hit. ii. A house, wall etc. to make new. iii. To propel to cast 2. In the colloquial language there are many definitions, used like 'jug DS. To project, propel away, send off; to enter, place inside; to do; to make TC. Root given as rgyab < *gryab (Beyer 1992: 4)DK lists two verbs རྒྱག་, རྒྱག་, རྒྱག་, རྒྱག་ and and རྒྱབ་, རྒྱབས་, བརྒྱབ་, རྒྱབས་/རྒྱོབ་ with nearly identical meanings. (Chang 1984) conjectures that the termination -b is original. This verb is frequently added to nouns to form new verbs, it generally indicates a voluntary verb, whereas འཐེབས་ is used in the same way to indicate lack of volition or to show that the action was well done (Chang 1984).རྒྱག་2རྒྱག་ TC. བརྒྱབ་TC.རྒྱག་ TC.ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To rise, to emit TC.རྒྱགས་1རྒྱགས་LZ, DK, TC. རྒྱག་ DS. བརྒྱགས་LZ, DK, DS, TC.བརྒྱག་LZ, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱགས་LZ, DK. རྒྱོགས་ DS. ཨྀ TC.DS.TC, (Hoshi 2003). : DS. TC.ནོར་དང་ང་རྒྱལ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To use provisions on a journey DK. To give a bribe of wealth DS. To be full, to be satisfied, to be satiated TC.LZ evidently conflates this verb with the following. TC fits here morphologically but semantically is better at བརྒྱགས་. The relationship between these three verbs (རྒྱགས་1, རྒྱགས་2, བརྒྱགས་) is hardly clear.རྒྱགས་2རྒྱགས་DK, TC. རྒྱགས་DK, TC. རྒྱགས་DK, TC. རྒྱགས་DK. ཨྀ TCTC. TC. To be self satisfied, to be haughty, priggish DK. To be self satisfied TC.རྒྱང་རྒྱང་(CD), DK. བརྒྱངས་DK.བརྒྱང་DK.རྒྱངས་DK. To stretch, extend, stretch forth (one's hands to a person), put out (the tongue); spread; distend (the wings, a curtain) CD. To cause to be delayed; to extend DK. Root given as rgyang < *gryang (Beyer 1992: 85). Compare རྒྱོང་ and རྐྱོང་.རྒྱན་རྒྱན་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱནད་LZ, DK བརྒྱན་ DS, TC.བརྒྱན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱནད་LZ, DK. རྒྱན་DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྒྱན་ 'ornament' (Beyer 1992: 111)རྒྱན་དང་དར་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To ornament; to beautify or to decorate, to wear or to put on DK. To adorn, ornament DS. To adorn, ornament, to decorate TC.རྒྱབ་རྒྱབ་CD, DK. give as the present to རྒྱག་.རྒྱལ་1རྒྱལ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱལད་LZ, DK. རྒྱལ་[DS], TC.རྒྱལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱལ་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Abs. Abl/Ela.] (Hackett 2003).གཞན་དང་ཤོ་སོགས་ལས་LZ. To be victorious; to win; to conquer; to subdue, to overpower CD. To win, conquer, subdue DK. 1. To remain having defeated an opposing side or enemy. 2. To be superior than another DS. To be victorious, to conquer TC.རྒྱལ་2རྒྱལ་DK. gives as the present of བརྒྱལ་.རྒྱས་རྒྱས་DK, DS give as the present of རྒྱ་. རྒྱུ་རྒྱུ་CD, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱུ་DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱུ་DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱུ་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC. To go, walk, move, wander, range (this verb is generally used instead of འགྲོ་ in Sikkim) CD. To go; to move DK. To go DS. To move, to roam, to go TC. Compare འགྱུ་རྒྱུ་རྒྱུ་DK, DS, (TC). give as the present to རྒྱུད་. རྒྱུག་1རྒྱུག་DK, TC. རྒྱུག་DK. རྒྱུགས་TC.རྒྱུག་DK, TC.རྒྱུག་DK. རྒྱུགས་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To run; to race DK. 1. To run. 2. To flow. 3. To sell, engage in commerce TC.རྒྱུག་2རྒྱུག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱུགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྒྱུག་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱུགས་TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC. རྒྱུག་ DK. ཨྀ ND.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 292), (Hoshi 2003).ND.DS. TC. [Erg.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 292). [Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).རྟ་སོགས་TD, སྔོན་རྗེས་སོགས་སུ་ LZ, རྟ་ཟོང་དང་སོགས་(rgyugs) NDB, རྟ་དང་ཟོང་སོགས་(rgyugs) NDA, ཟོང་སོགས་(-) ND. To run CD. To run a race; to make one run DK. To race TC.རྒྱུགས་རྒྱུགས་DK. རྒྱུགས་DK. རྒྱུགས་DK. རྒྱུགས་DK. To serve; to serve drink DK.རྒྱུང་རྒྱུང་DS. རྒྱུངས་DS.རྒྱུང་DS.རྒྱུངས་DS.DS.DS. To wash the stomach (as with cleansing medicine) DS.རྒྱུད་རྒྱུད་TD, LZ, CD, ND, TC. རྒྱུ་DK, DS, (TC). བརྒྱུས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བརྒྱུ་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྒྱུས་TD, LZ, ND, DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ཕྲེང་བ་སོགས་TD, LZ. སྐུད་པ་མིག་ལ་ND. To tie, fasten, connect together (rgyud) CD. To make a string of, to stick together (brgyus) CD. To string; to put in line DK. To put a rope or thread through a hole DS. To thread, to stringTC.རྒྱུད་2རྒྱུད་DK. gives as present to བརྒྱུད་.རྒྱེག་རྒྱེག་ND. gives as the present of རྒྱག་རྒྱོ་རྒྱོ་CD, DK, DS (dialect), TC. བརྒྱོས་CD, DK, DS.བརྒྱོ་CD, DK, DS.རྒྱོས་CD, DK, DS.CD, DS, (Hoshi 2003). To have sexual intercourse; (acc. to Cs.) To deflower, ravish CD. To deflower; to have sexual intercourse DK. To have sexual intercourse DS. (archaic) To have sexual intercourse TC.རྒྱོང་རྒྱོང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱང་ CD. བརྒྱངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྒྱང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྒྱོངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.པགས་པ་སོགས་LZ, གྲུ་སོགས་ND. To extend, stretch forth, distend (rgyong) CD. To extend, stretch out, set out, arrange (brgyang) CD. To fill up, to stretch DK.1. To stretch, to extend, to distend. 2. To fill up TC. Root given as *rgyang < *gryang (Coblin 1986).རྒྱོབ་རྒྱོབ་LZ. gives as the present to རྒྱག་རྒྱོར་རྒྱོར་CD. To kill CD.སྒག་སྒག་LZ, CD, TC. བསྒགས་LZ, TC.བསྒག་LZ, TC.ཁོག་LZ.སྒོགས་TC.TC. TC.མནའ་སོགས་LZ. To ravish, to copulate; to embrace in sexual union CD. To bind, to tie, to fasten TC.སྒང་སྒང་CD, ND, DK. བསྒང་CD, DK. བསྒོངས་ND.བསྒང་CD, ND, DK.སྒོངས་ND. སྒངས་DK.ND.གང་NWH.ཟས་སོགས་ND. To grow, become full (Cs.) CD. To cause to fill DK. Compare ཁེང་, སྐོང་, འགེང་.སྒབ་སྒབ་LZ, CD, TC. སྒོབ་DK.བསྒབས་LZ, DK. བསྒབ་TC.བསྒབ་LZ, DK, TC.སྒོབས་LZ, DK. སྒོབ་TCTC. TC.འགེབས་[CD], (Coblin 1986).འདྲི་དང་སྲི་སོགས་LZ. To cover CD. To cause to cover or to spread over; to cause to wear or patch DK.1. To cover, to conceal. 2. To protect TC. Compare the noun ཁེབས་ 'a cover'.སྒར་སྒར་DK, TC. བསྒརད་DK. བསྒར་TC.བསྒར་DK, TC.སྒོརད་DK. སྒོར་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To dip fry; to solidify in oil DK. 1. To condense, solidify. 2. To attach, to fit, to insert TC.སྒལ་སྒལ་CD. འགེལ་[Coblin 1986]. To carry a load (on one's back), to cause a load to be carried on the back of a beast of burden CD. Compare the noun ཁལ་ 'a load, burden'.སྒུག་སྒུག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. TD gives bsgrub, an obvious manuscript error.སྒུགས་TD, LZ, CD, NDB, DK, DS, TC. སྐུགས་NDA.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 306).རྗེས་ལ་TD, གྲོགས་པོ་སོགས་ LZ, ལམ་དུ་ ND. To wait CD, DK. To wait for TC. This word may be a causative formed on a stem *gug. Perhaps it is cognate to འགུགས་པ་ 'to summon' and འགུགས་པབ་པོ་ 'one who is summoned, a waiter' (Coblin 1986).སྒུར་སྒུར་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུརད་LZ, DK. བསྒུར་TC. སྒུར་[DS].སྒུར་LZ, [DS]. བསྒུར་DK, TC.སྒུརད་LZ, DK. སྒུར་TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.རྐེད་པ་སོགས་LZ. To become afraid CD. To cause to bow down, to bend down DK. Of the body, to bend forward DS. To bend, to bend down TC.སྒུལ་སྒུལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒུལད་ LZ, ND, DK. བསྒུལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྒུལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒུལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྒུལ་DS, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 248).[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགུལ་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.17), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ལག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ, གྀཡོ་བའི་ND. To move, agitate, put in motion CD. To shake; to cause to move DK. 1. To make something move, or shake. 2. To cause a transformation DS. To move, to shake, to agitate TC.སྒེག་སྒེག་CD. (Goldstein 2001) To brag, boast (Cs.) CD. To be charming, graceful (Goldstein 2001)སྒོ་སྒོ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒོས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒོ་LZ, [CD], ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒོས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགོ་(Chang 1971: vii.18) (Duff, def. 2 )དྲི་བཟང་སོགས་སྐྱིས་LZ, དཀའ་དང་དུས་ར་དྲི་མ་སོགས་༼྄༽ ND. (obsolete) To say; to speak, (mostly) to bid, to order CD. To order; to cause to be predisposed; to be habituated DK. 1. To make one thing to stick to or contaminate another thing. 2. To teach to another DS 1. To command, to order, to exhort, to instruct. 2. To be contaminated, to be polluted TC.CD lists the fut seperatley with definition 'to rub with; to apply on'. (Chang 1971: vii.18) only gives the definition 'to soil, stain, defile, infect with disease'.སྒོག་སྒོག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒགས་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒག་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒོགས་ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.མནའ་ ND. To make one swear (Cs.) CD. To make one swear; to cause to take an oath DK. 1. To bind tightly. 2. To restrict, prohibit. 3. To coerce, force, compel DS. To take an oath, to swear an oath TC.སྒོང་1སྒོང་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. . བསྒངས་TD, LZ, DS. བསྒོངས་ CD, DK, (DS), TC.བསྒང་TD, LZ, DS. བསྒོང་ CD, DK, (DS), TC.སྒོངས་TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྒོང་ CD.TD, CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). DS, TC.ཟན་སོགས་TD, ཟས་སོགས་དང་གཅིག་ཏུ་LZ. To make in tea balls to eat [sic], to make round balls of dough (Cs.). CD. To make a globular mass: to heap; to make paste for food DK. To make into a ball (barley flower &c.) DS.To make into a ball TC.སྒོང་2སྒོང་DS, TC. སྒོང་[DS].བསྒོངས་ TC.སྒོང་[DS].བསྒོང་ TC.སྒོངས་TC TC. DS, TC. To load firewood &c. on to a fire DS. (dialect) To heap fuel onto a fire TC.སྒོངས་སྒོང་CD.སྒོངས་CD. To hide; to conceal (a thing) (Sch.) CD.སྒོབ་སྒོབ་DK. gives as the present of སྒབ་.སྒོམ་སྒོམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒོམ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒོམས་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒོམ་ CD.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གོམས་[Duff].ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་TD, ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིནད་སོགས་LZ, ཏིང་འཛིན་ND. 1. (originally) to fancy, imagine. 2. (now, with accusative and dative) To meditate, contemplate systematically. 3. (with accusative and terminative, or with double accusative) To have; to entertain; to reproduce (in one's mind) CD. To meditate, to practice meditation; to cultivate in meditation DK. To bring to memory again and again in the mind DS. To meditate TC.སྒོར་སྒོར་LZ, CD, ND, DS. བསྒརད་LZ, ND. བསྒར་ CD, DS.བསྒར་LZ, CD, ND, DS.སྒོརད་LZ, ND. སྒོར་ DS.ND, DS.DS.བུ་རམ་སོགས་LZ, བུ་རམ་ND. 1. To boil down; to condense by boiling. 2. To turn on a lathe (Jä) CD. 1. To make syrup by boiling down tree sap. 2. (dialect) To invert a vessel DS.སྒྱང་སྒྱང་LZ, DS. སྒྱོང་ND. བསྒྱངས་LZ, ND, DS. བསྒྱང་LZ, NDA, DS. བསྒྱོང་NDB.སྒྱངས་LZ, ND. སྒྱོངས་DS.DS.DS.འགྱང་NWH.དུས་སོགས་LZ. རིང་དུ་ ND. To cause a delay DS. Compare འགྱངས་སྒྱིང་སྒྱིང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS. བསྒྱིངས་TC. བསྒྱིངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྱིང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྱིངས་TC. སྒྱིངས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ཨྀ TC.CD, ND, DS, TC.DS. TC.འགྱིང་[CD], (Duff).ཉམས་ཀྱིས་རྣམ་པར་LZ, སེང་གེ་རྣམ་པར་ ND. To yawn, to gape CD. To display emotion through physical posture DK. To yawn and to stretch out the limbs when tired.2. To straighten. 3. To leap, jump, to be erect. 1. To sigh, to stretch the limbs. 2. To straighten. 3. To leap, to jump, to act haughtily TC.སྒྱུར་སྒྱུར་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྱུརད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྱུར་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྱུར་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྱུརད་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྒྱུར་DS, TC.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱུར་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.20-21), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)ཆོས་སོགས་TD, ཆོས་སོགས་དང་ཆོས་ཀྱིས་LZ, དབང་དང་སྐད་མདོག་བོན་ཆོས་ ND. 1. To transform, alter, change, to correct; translate; revise. 2. To cast aside; dissuade, divert; to turn; to cause to turn. 3. To govern, steer, control (sgyur) CD. To multiply, increase (bsgyur) CD. To translate; to change; to transform; to multiply DK. 1. To change, transform (method, essence, characteristic, direction, &c.). 2. To translate. 3. To take control, power. 4. To make various kinds of sound appear (from an instrument &c.). 5. To multiply. 6. To show various styles of body (as in dance &c.). 7. To drive away, expel, repel, reverse DS. 1. To change, to transform, to alter. 2. To translate, to interpret. 3. (math) To multiply, times, fold TC.སྒྱེལ་སྒྱེལ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྱེལད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྱེལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྱེལ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྱེལད་TD, LZ, ND, DK. སྒྱེལ་DS, TC.TD, ND, DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྱེལ་CD, (Chang 1971: vii.20), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).རྩིག་པ་སོགས་TD, ཤིང་དང་གྱང་སོགས་ LZ, ཀན་རྐྱལ་དང་པར་ལ་ NDB.གན་རྐྱལ་དང་ཕར་ལ་NDA. To throw down, to overturn, to lay or put down (a bottle, a book); to thwart (the charm of an enemy); to kill (Jä) CD. To cause to fall down; to cause to break down, to overturn DK. To cause to a person or upright thing to lie horizontally DS. To cause to fall down, to bring down to overthrow, to thwart, to be thrown down TC. Compare དགྱེལ་སྒྱོང་སྒྱོང་CD. བསྒྱོངས་CD.བསྒྱོང་CD. 1. To fill, to stuff (a sausage). 2. (colloquial in West) to put into (the pocket) CD. Perhaps originally = སྒོང་ 'to hide' CD.སྒྱོང་2སྒྱོང་ND gives as the present of སྒྱང་སྒྲང་སྒྲང་CD, DK, DS. give as the present to སྒྲོང་སྒྲད་སྒྲད་DK. gives as the present of བསྒྲད་སྒྲལ་སྒྲལ་CD. 1. To cut into small pieces, viz. the picture of an enemy one wishes to destroy (Jä). 2. To pass over or travel upon a river or sea CD.སྒྲིག་སྒྲིག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲིག་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིགས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིག་CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲིག་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).གྲལ་དུ་TD, གོ་རིམ་སོགས་ LZ, ཆོ་ག་དང་བྲལ་ལ་ ND. To arrange in order or row, to lay or put in order, to arrange, adjust; to put or fit together; to join (the separate parts), to compile (books), to stitch close [sic](books etc.) CD. To put in order; to arrange or to rectify DK. 1. To arrange in a certain plain, order. 2. To collect in one place. 3. To mutually agree, be in one house DS. 1. To arrange, to put in order, to align. 2. To compile, to collect, to edit, to assemble, to join together TC.སྒྲིན་སྒྲིན་LZ, DK, DS (archaic), TC. བསྒྲིནད་LZ, DK. བསྒྲིན་ DS, TC.བསྒྲིན་LZ, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིནད་LZ, DK. སྒྲིན་DS, TC.DS, TC. TC.ཕན་ཚུན་LZ. To have a competition; to cause to compete or to compare DK. (archaic) To contest for victory DS.To rival, compete with, to compare TC.སྒྲིབ་སྒྲིབ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིབས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲིབ་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིབས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིབ་CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲིབ་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff)འོད་སོགས་TD,ཟླ་ཉི་སོགས་ LZ, ཡོལ་བས་ ND. To obscure; to cover, to darken, defile CD. To cover, to hide by covering, to hide DK. To cover, hide, create an obstacle for seeing something DS. To obscure, to cover, to conceal TC.སྒྲིམ་སྒྲིམ་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིམས་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིམ་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲིམས་TD, LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.TD, ND, CD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲིམ་ (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).བློ་དང་སྐུད་པ་སོགས་TD, རིག་པ་དང་སྐུད་པ་སོགས་ LZ, རིག་ལས་སྐུད་པ་ NDB. རིག་པ་ལས་དང་སྐུད་པ་NDA. 1. To hold fast; to force or twist together; to endeavor; (Cs.) to squeeze in, crow in, (Sch.) to be confused CD. To concentrate; to exercise the mental power on; to pay attention; to spin or twist the threads together, to entwine DK. 1. To tightly spin (rope, thread &c.). 2. To be intelligent, careful DS. 1. To concentrate, to focus. 2. To twist together TC.སྒྲིལ་སྒྲིལད་LZ. སྒྲིལ་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲིལད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྲིལ་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྲིལ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲིལད་LZ, ND, DK. སྒྲིལ་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲིལ་[CD], (Róna-Tas 1978: 359), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). འཁྲིལ་ NWH.ཐིག་སྐུད་སོགས་LZ, མར་ལ་དང་གཅིག་ཏུ་ ND. To make a roll of, to roll, wrap up; to wind into a spool CD. To fold, to wrap up; to cause to fold or roll up; to combine DK. 1. To make something roll. 2. To roll up, make into a ball. 3. To twist, braid, spin (rope and thread) DS. 1. To twist, to wind. 2. To combine, to muster. 3. To stuff. 4. To barter, to convert currency, to exchange currency, exchange merchandise. 5. (math) To convert lower digits into higher numeric places TC.(Rona-Tas 1978: 359) calls འདྲིལ་ 'to be turned, rolled round, twisted into a thing.' the 'passive' of this verb, in addition he suggests a connection to the adjective ཧྲིལ་པོ་ 'round, globular, close, dense' and the noun རིལ་བ་ 'scroll'.སྒྲུག་སྒྲུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུག་CD.CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. [Erg. Abs.](Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 276).རྡོ་བ་སོགས་LZ, ཤིང་སོགས་ND. To collect, gather, pluck, pick CD. To collect; to pick up DK. 1. To gather, collect. 2. (in some dialects) To take care of, preserve DS. To pick up, to gather, to collect TC.སྒྲུང་སྒྲུང་CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུངས་CD, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲུང་CD, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲུངས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To mix, to invert, to feign (Cs.) CD. To cause to purify DK. To absorb, having been wet in water DS. To dissolve TC.སྒྲུན་སྒྲུན་LZ, CD (archaic), ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུནད་LZ, ND, DK. བསྒྲུན་CD, DS, TC.བསྒྲུན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲུནད་LZ, ND, DK. སྒྲུན་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.འགྲན་[CD].ཡོན་ཏན་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་LZ, འབྲན་པའི་ ND. 1. To resound; to reply in the same tone; to rival. 2. To compare; emulate, vie, contend with (Cs.) CD. To have competition; to compete; to compare DK. To compete, rival DS. To rival, to compare TC.སྒྲུབ་སྒྲུབ་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུབས་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲུབ་KYT, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུབས་KYT, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲུབ་CD.KYT, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC, (Gyurme 1992: 247),[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲུབ་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).ཆོ་སྒྲུབ་སོགས་TD, ཆོ་ག་དང་ཚེ་སྒྲུབ་སོགས་LZ, བྱ་བ་ཆོས་སོགས་ ND. To complete, finish, carry out, accomplish CD. To carry out; to accomplish; to perform DK. 1. To do an action. 2. To judge the truth, having presented arguments and scriptural citations. 3. To take on the means of religion DS. 1. To attain, to do, to perform, to carry out, to execute. 2. To procure, to gain to acquire through effort. 3. (logic) To prove, to affirm, to establish, to establish a proof. 4. (math) To calculate, to find the value of, to make. 5. To attain, to practice religion, to perfect TC.སྒྲེ་སྒྲེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲེ་CD.བསྒྲེ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.འགྲེ་(Chang 1971: vii.19), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).རིགས་པས་གོང་འོག་སོགས་LZ, རིགས་ ND. To repeat; to put or place in order; put together; collate CD. To yoke; to apply the same method DK. 1. To compare a known situation in order to know a similar situation. 2. To churn something inside a liquid (such as water) DS. To collate, to juxtapose, to assimilate TC.སྒྲེག་སྒྲེག་CD. སྒྲེགས་CD. To belch CD.སྒྲེང་སྒྲེང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲེངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲེང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲེངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲེང་CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འགྲེང་[CD], (Chang 1971: vii.19), [Coblin 1986], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Beyer 1992: 116), (Duff).རྒྱལ་མཚན་TD, རྒྱལ་མཚན་སོགས་LZ, རྒྱལ་མཚན་དར་སོགས་ND. To lift, hoist, rise up CD. To make stand up, to make erect DS. To erect, to raise up, to hoist TC.སྒྲོ་སྒྲོ་CD, DS. བསྒྲོས་CD, DS.བསྒྲོ་CD, DS.སྒྲོ་CD, བསྒྲོས་DS.CD, DS.DS, TC. To debate, discuss, chatter freely CD. 1. 'go bar bya pa'i [to make into a head], e.g. 'go nad mi la ma bsgo. 2. To speak to others (e.g. a teacher to students) DS.སྒྲོག་1སྒྲོག་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲགས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲག་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲོགས་KYN, TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲག་CD. སྒྲགས་CD.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲགས་(Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff).དམ་ཚིག་དང་དྲིལ་བུ་TD, དམ་ཚིག་དང་བཀའ་ཤོག་སོགས་ LZ, སྐད་སྒྲ་ ND. To call, shout forth, publish, proclaim, declare CD. To read; to announce; to declare; to proclaim, promulgate DK. 1. To make a large noise. 2. To make known to all by speaking from the mouth or presenting in writing DS. To call out, to shout out, to roar, to proclaim, to read aloud TC.སྒྲོག་2སྒྲོག་DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲོགས་DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲོག་DK, DS, TC.སྒྲོགས་DK, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To mend; to re-stitch DK. To bind with a rope &c. the feet and hands of men and cattle DS. 1. To sew, to stitch. 2. To tie, to fasten, to attach TC.སྒྲོང་སྒྲོང་ TD, LZ, ND, TC. སྒྲང་CD, DK, DS. བསྒྲངས་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.བསྒྲང་TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲོང་CD. སྒྲོངས་TD, LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC. TC.བགྲང་NWH. གྲངས་དང་ཕྲེང་བ་སོགས་TD,གཞན་གྱིས་གྲངས་སོགས་LZ, གྲངས་སུ་ND. To enumerate; to reckon up separately CD. To make someone count DK. To count, calculate, find out by working with numbers DS. To deem, to consider, to estimate, to count TC.སྒྲོད་སྒྲོད་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. བསྒྲོད་LZ, ND, TC.བསྒྲོད་LZ, ND, TC.སྒྲོད་LZ, ND, TC.TC. TC.བགྲོད་[CD], [DS].ཕན་ཚུན་LZ, ལམ་ལ་NDB, ཤིང་ཁམས་ལམ་སོགས་NDA. (rare) To go CD. (in some དག་ཡིག་ 'spelling primers' a way of spelling བགྲོད་) 1. To go. 2. 'dod spyadDS. To engage in sexual intercourse TC.སྒྲོན་སྒྲོན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲོན་CD, DS, TC. བསྒྲོནད་ND, DK.བསྒྲོན་CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྒྲོནད་ND. བསྒྲོནད་DK. སྒྲོན་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.ན་བཟའ་ND. To cover, lay over, adorn, decorate; to light, kindle CD. To cause to wear or put on DK. 1. To set on fire. 2. (honorific) To ornament with ornaments, have wear attire DS. 1. (honorific) To offer. 2. (honorific) To wear. 3. (honorific) To report. 4. (honorific) To lay out, to set out. 5. To light a fire, to kindle, to ignite, to set fire to TC.སྒྲོལ་སྒྲོལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྒྲལ་KYT, CD, DS, TC.བསྒྲལད་KYN, TD, LZ, DK. བསྒྲལ་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྒྲོལ་KYT, KYN, DS, TC. སྒྲོལད་ TD, LZ, DK.KYT, KYN, TD, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).གྲོལ་(Gyurme 1992: 259). རྒལ་ [Beyer 1992: 85]དགྲ་དང་འཁོར་བ་TD, དགྲ་བོ་དང་འཁོར་བ་སོགས་ལས་ LZ. To save, rescue, deliver; to set free; to liberate CD. To save, rescue; to set free; to liberate DK. 1. To set free from (fear &c.). 2. To sentence to death DS. To liberate, to free, to deliver, to release, to cross over TC.བརྒྱགས་བརྒྱགས་DS.བརྒྱགས་[DS].བརྒྱགས་[DS].DS. 1. To be satisfied with food and drink. 2. (of bodily flesh) To be fatty, corpulent DS. Compare རྒྱགས་བརྒྱལ་བརྒྱལ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. རྒྱལ་DK.བརྒྱལད་LZ, DK.བརྒྱལ་[DS], TC.བརྒྱལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.བརྒྱལ་LZ. རྒྱལད་DK.ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.དུག་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. 1. To fall down senseless; to lie senseless, to sink down unconscious, to faint. 2. To howl, of a fox (Sch.) CD. To become unconscious; to faint; to become weary; to tire DK. To become unconscious; to faint; to become weary; to tire DS. To faint, to become unconscious TC.བརྒྱུད་རྒྱུད་[CD], DK. བརྒྱུད་ LZ, DS, TC.བརྒྱུད་LZ, [CD], DK, [DS], TC.བརྒྱུད་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྒྱུད་DK. ཨྀ TC. བརྒྱུད་ LZ.TC. (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. DS.གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ LZ. To descend; to send, arrive by way of; to do indirectly; to continue without interruption DK. 1. (trans.) To pass many stages. 2. (intr.) A. To pass through a place on one's way somewhere else. B. To transmit consecutively DS.To pass through, to conduct, to transmit, to pass down, to hand down, through care of, by way of TC.བསྒོམ་བསྒོམ་ND. བགོམས་ND.བགོམ་ND.བཀོམས་ND.ND.གོམ་པས་ND. a baffling list of principal parts, presumably he has conflated སྒོམ་, and བགོམ་.བསྒྱིངས་བསྒྱིངས་TC gives as the present to sgying.བསྒྲང་བསྒྲང་CD.གྲང་NWH. To cause to get cold CD.བསྒྲད་སྒྲད་DK. བསྒྲད་LZ, CD, [DS], TC.བསྒྲད་LZ, DK, TC.བསྒྲད་LZ, DK, TC.བསྒྲད་LZ.སྒྲད་DK. བསྒྲོད་TC.TC. TC.བགྲད་NWH.མིག་སོགས་LZ. To open wide CD. To cause to open (eyes, mouth &c.) DK. To open the eyes wide (alternate orthography of བགྲད་) DS. 1. To open wide. 2. To set apart, to spread open TC.བསྒྲལ་བསྒྲལ་CD. To pass, cross over CD. perhaps a specialization of སྒྲོལ་, or a varient of རྒལ་.
ང་ངར་ ངར་DK, DS, TC. ངརད་DK. ངར་[DS], TC. ངར་DK, [DS], TC.ངརད་DK. ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To strengthen the mental power; to be vigorous; to be active DK. To become increasingly hot DS. To be encouraged, to be inspired, to be stimulated, to be excited, to be inflamed TC.ངལ་ ངལ་LZ, CD, DK, TC. ངལད་LZ, DK. ངལ་TC. ངལ་LZ, DK, TC.ངལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ལུས་སོགས་LZ. To be fatigued, wearied, prostrate with exercise of the body CD. To feel tired; to be weary DK. To be tired, to be exhausted TC.ངུ་ ངུ་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ངུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ངུ་LZ, DK, DS, TC.ངུ་LZ. ངུས་DK, DS, TCDS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཉམ་ཐག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་LZ. To cry, weep CD. To cry; weep DK. 1. To shed tears and make a noise of suffering because of pain, illness, or sadness. 2. To make a noise like crying, sobbing DS. To weep, to cry TC.ངུར་ ངུར་CD, DS, TC. ངུར་[DS], TC. ངུར་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. སྔུར་[CD]. To grunt (of pigs and yaks) CD. For a yak or dri to make a sound DS. To grunt (used of pigs and cattle) TC.ངེར་ ངེར་TC. ངེར་TC. ངེར་TC. ཨྀTC.TC. TC.(li yung khrang 1988). To growl, to snarl, to roar (used of dogs and so forth) TC.ངེས་ ངེས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ངེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ངེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.ངེས་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). བློ་ལ་LZ. To be the sum of a mathematical calculation, i.e. to hold it as a certain result CD. To be confirmed; to be certain DK. 1. To hold in mind having come to know. 2. To decide, resolve DS. To determine, to ascertain, to be certain; (preceded by a verb) will, would certainly do; to must, to ought to [sic] TC.ངོམ་ ངོམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. ངོམས་CD, DK, TC. ངོམ་ [DS]. ངོམ་DK, [DS], TC.ངོམས་DK, TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). To satisfy one's self with gain, to be contented CD. To be satisfied; to be content; to quench DK. To show and make other understand your own qualities and merits DS. To show off TC.ངོམས་ ངོམས་ND, DS, TC. ངོམས་ND, [DS], TC. ངོམས་[DS], TC.ཨྀTCTC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To be satisfied, appeased DS. To be satisfied, to be satiated TC.དངང་ དངང་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. དངངས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྔངས་CD. དངང་LZ, DK, DS, TC.དངངས་LZ, DK. ཨྀDS, TCDS, TC.DS, TC. ཡིད་སོགས་LZ. 1. To be out of breath, to pant, to feel oppressed (e.g. when plunged into cold water, but especially when frightened and terrified). 2. To be frightened, to fear, to be afraid of CD. To suffocate, to be out of breath; to choke, to be frightened DK. Same as སྔངས་DS. To gasp, to pant [out of fear]. 2. To be afraid, to be terrified TC. Perhaps not to be separated from སྔང་ I have given དངངས་ND, and སྔངས་CD in both places. See note at སྔང་.དངར་ དངར་LZ, CD, DK, TC. དངརད་LZ, DK. དངར་TC. དངར་LZ, DK, TC.དངར་LZ. དངརད་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. གོ་རིམ་སོགས་ལེགས་པར་LZ. To put in order, arrange properly CD. To put in order, to put in a line, to arrange properly; to line up or to be in a line DK. To line up, put in rows TC.དངོམ་ དངོམ་LZ. དངོམས་LZ. དངོམ་LZ.ངོམས་LZ.(Goldstein 2001). ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ནོར་སོགས་LZ. To boast, to show off (Goldstein 2001).མངག་ མངག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངག་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངག་LZ. ཨྀND. མངགས་DK, DS. མངོགས་ TCND.DS, TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227), (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Erg. Obl. Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227). གཞན་དུ་LZ, ལས་ལ་ND. To commission, charge, send, delegate (a messenger commissary &c). CD. To send a delegate or a message; to give instructions, to keep as a servant DK. To entrust, commit someone to go to do an action DS. 1. To entrust, to assign, to commission, to appoint. 2. To send, to dispatch TC.མངན་ མགན་CD. To curse, to execrate (Jä) CD.(Stein 1942: 317-218) connects this with the adjective ངན་ 'evil'. He notices the alternate spelling མ་ངན་ 'accursed' of a nominal use in Gesar, and suggests mngan is a contraction of མོ་ངན་ 'evil woman.' Other dictionaries DS, TC list the word only as an archaic noun 'sin, fault.' མངའ་1 མངའ་CD, ND, DK, DS. མངའ་ND, DK. མངའ་DK.མངའ་DK.[Abs. Obl.] 'to have dominion over' (Hackett 2003). [Obl. Abs.] 'to have' (Hackett 2003). 1. To own, possess. 2. (honorific) To be, exist CD. To own, possess; to have something in mind, to have knowledge of; to remember DK. To be (ཡོད་), to have (ལྡན་) DS.མངའ་2DS. To be (ཡོད་), to have (ལྡན་) DS.མངར་ མངར་LZ. མངར་LZ. མངར་LZ.མངར་LZ.(Hoshi 2003). བཟའ་བའི་རོ་སོགས་LZ. [To be ] sweet(Hoshi 2003).མངོན་ མངོན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. མངོནད་LZ, DK. མངོན་ND, [DS], TC. མངོན་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC.མངོནད་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). རྟགས་མཚན་སོགས་LZ, མཐོང་བའི་ND. To be evident, to appear clearly CD. To manifest, to observe, to become visible DK. To become clear DS. To become clear, to become visible, to become evident, to appear TC.རྔ་ རྔ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔད་[CD]. བརྔས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔ་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྔོས་KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). བཙས་མ་སོགས་TD, རྩྭ་དང་བཙས་མ་སོགས་LZ, བཙས་མ་ ND. To mow, reap, cut with a sickle CD. To mow, reap; cup with a sickle; harvest DK. To cut down grain DS. To cut, mow, harvest TC.རྔན་ རྔན་LZ, CD, ND, DK, TC. རྔོན་DS. བརྔནད་LZ, ND, DK. བརྔན་CD, DS, TC བརྔན་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྔན་LZ, DK. རྒནོནད་ND. རྔོན་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. མཆོད་པ་དང་ནོར་སོགས་LZ, གླ་རྡན་ ND. To pay hire to, to pay wages or remuneration; (sometimes) to bribe, corrupt (rngan) CD. To honor, worship (brngan) CD. To reward; to award; to give a present, to give a prize; to bribe DK. To give a person salary for work performed DS. To bribe TC.རྔབ་1 རྔབ་CD, DK, [DS], TC. བརྔབས་DK, TC. བརྔབ་[CD]. བརྔབ་DK, TC.རྔབས་DK. ཨྀTC.TC.TC. 1. To be hungry, to be greedy, have a craving appetite. 2. (cf. རྣམ་) to crave, to desire earnestly; acc (Jä) CD. To feel greedy; to crave DK. (archaic) To be hungry DS. 1. To be hungry. 2. To be greedy for, to crave for, to have an appetite for TC.རྔབ་2 རྔབ་CD 3. (In West) To mow, reap, cut down with a sickle CD. Compare རྔ་རྔབ་3རྔབ་DS. gives as the present of སྔབ་རྔམ་ རྔོམ་LZ, ND, (TC). རྔམ་CD, DK, DS, TC. བརྔམས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔམ་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC.རྔམས་DK. རྔོམ་LZ. རྔོམས་ ND, DS. ཨྀTC.ND, DS. TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). ལུས་སྲོག་སོགས་ལ་LZ. དགྲ་དང་ལས་ལ་ND. 1. To rage at; be furious; devastate. 2. To breathe violently, to pant for, to desire ardently CD. To feel greedy, to crave DK. To be angry DS. To want, to crave, to be desirous of. 2. To be hostile, to be ferocious TC.རྔམ་ རྔམ་DS. རྔམ་[DS]. རྔམས་[CD]. རྔམ་[DS].DS. To hunger, crave [CD]. To thirst for, crave DS.རྔུབ་ རྔུབ་LZ, CD (archaic), ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔུབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔུབ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྔུབས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. དུ་བ་སོགས་LZ, ཁ་སྣ་རུ་ ND. To draw in, inhale, breathe in CD. To breathe, to inhale, sniff DK. To draw inside the mouth (breath, smoke &c.) DS. To sip, to inhale, to breath in TC.རྔུལ་1 རྔུལ་LZ, DK, DS, TC. རྔུལད་LZ, DK. རྔུལ་[DS], TC. རྔུལ་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.རྔུལད་LZ, DK. ཨྀTC.TC.DS, TC. སྨན་དང་དུབ་པས་LZ. To perspire DK. To sweat, perspire DS, TC. རྔུལ་2 རྔུལ་CD, DK བརྔུལ་CD. བརྔུལད་DK. བརྔུལ་DK.རྔུལད་DK.རྔུལ་1[DK] To sweat, perspire CD. To cause to perspire DK.རྔོ་ རྔོ་CD. To be able (Cs.) CD.རྔོད་ རྔོད་TD, CD, DS, TC རྔོ་(TD), ND, DK, TC. རྔོས་(TD) བརྔོས་TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བརྔོད་[CD] བརྔོད་TD, CD, DS, TC . བརྔོ་(TD), (CD Jä, Cs.), ND, DK, TC.རྔོས་TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. རྔོད་ CD.TD, CD, ND, DS, TC., (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227), (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 227).nghö(macron)ö(grave) (Chang 1971: ii.5, see note). ནས་སྲན་སོགས་TD, ཡོས་ND. To parch (barley, wheat, or rice); to bruise, to roast; to fry (e.g. meat in a pan) (rngod)CD. (barley) To be cropped (Situ 77) (brngod) CD. To roast barley, fry meat, &c. DK. Having put (foot &c.) in a frying pan to heat and cook DS. To parch, to roast, to fry TC. The spoken Tibetan non-causative nghöö has no written Tibetan correspondent, and may be a secondary derivative, formed by analogy to such pairs as pâr 'to cause to be increased', phâr 'to be increased' (Chang 1971: ii.5).རྔོད་ རྔོད་TD, [CD?], DK, TC. བརྔོད་TD, CD, DK, TC. བརྔོད་TD, DK, TC.བརྔོད་TD, DK, TC.TD, TC. TC. གཞན་སྒྱུ་བབས་ཀྱིས་དྲིང་པ་TD. (acc. to Cs.) To desire (rngod) CD. To seduce, deceive (Situ 75) (brngod pf.)CD. to seduce; deceive DK. To delude, deceive TC.རྔོན་ རྔོན་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བརྔོནད་LZ, DK. བརྔོན་CD, DS, TC. བརྔོན་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC.རྔོན་LZ, DS, TC. རྔོནད་DK.DS, TC.DS, TC. རི་དྭགས་སོགས་LZ. 1. To pursue wild beasts, to hunt. 2. To seduce, especially to sensual indulgences (Jä) CD. To hunt; to chase wild animals for killing DK. To catch and slay a beast DS. To hunt TC.རྔོན་2རྔོན་DS gives as the present of རྔན་.རྔོབ་ རྔོབ་CD. To do, to be able (vide རྔོ་) CD.རྔོམ་རྔོམ་LZ, ND, (TC). give as the present of རྔམ་.སྔ་ སྔ་CD, DS. སྔས་CD. སྔ་ [DS]. སྔ་[DS].(Hoshi 2003).DS. To be the first, to come first, to be beforehand CD. To happen at a certain early time DS.སྔག་སྔག་CD, DS. give as the present of བསྔགས་སྔང་ སྔང་DK, DS. དངང་ ND. སྔངས་CD, DK, DS. བསྣངས་ND. སྔང་DK, DS. བསྔང་ND.སྔངས་ND, DK. ཨྀND. སྔོངས་ DS.DS.ND.DS, TC. སྐྲག་པའི་(-) ND. བྲེད་པའི་(sngangs) ND. 1. To be out of breath, to pant, to feel oppressed (e.g. when plunged into cold water, but especially when frightened and terrified). 2. To be frightened, to fear, to be afraid of CD. To fear; frighten; suffocate DK. To be suddenly afraid DS.ND lists this verb twice, his conjugation seems unlikely but compare སྦྱིན་ / བྱིན་. I would like to see three verbs: (1) སྔང་, སྔངས་, སྔང་, སྔནགས་ (2) སྔང་, བསྔངས་, བསྔང་, སྔངས་, (3) དངང་, དངངས་, དངང་, དངངས་ but the evidence does not warrant.སྔབ་ སྔབ་DS. རྔབ་ (DS). སྔབ་[DS]. རྔབ་[(DS)]. སྔབ་[DS]. རྔབ་ [(DS)].DS. To very much crave DS.སྔམ་ སྔམ་LZ, DS. བསྔམ་LZ. སྔམ་[DS]. སྔམ་LZ, [DS].སྔམ་LZ.DS. དབུགས་སོགས་LZ. To breath deeply DS.སྔལ་ སྔལ་DK. བསྔལ་CD. བསྔལད་DK. བསྔལ་DK.སྔལད་DK.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To be faint or exhausted (Cs.) CD. To exhaust, to cause to be weary DK.སྔས་སྔས་DK. gives as the present of བསྔས་.སྔུར་ སྔུར་LZ, CD. བསྔུརད་LZ. སྔུར་LZ.སྔུརད་LZ. ངུར་[CD]. གཉིད་ཀྱིས་LZ. To snore CD.སྔོ་1 སྔོ་KYT, KYN, TD, CD (Cs.), ND, DK, DS, TC. སྔོད་ CD. བསྔོས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྔོ་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.སྔོས་KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). རྒེ་རྩ་སོགས་TD, དགེ་བ་ND. I. To bless, pronounce benedictions. 2. To design, intend (sngo) CD. To make a firm resolve to go the way of Nirvana, or do any act of piety (bsngos) CD. To dedicate one's virtue; to transfer, multiply DK. 1. To give or send with the mind. 2. To explain the reason DS. To calculate, to enumerate, to estimate, to investigate TC.སྔོ་2 སྔོ་CD (Cs.), DK, TC. སྔོད་ CD. བསྔོས་CD, DK, TC. བསྔོ་CD, DK, TC.སྔོས་CD, DK. ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).TC. To become green CD. To make blue DK. To become blue or black TC.སྔོག་ སྔོག་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྔོགས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. བསྔོག་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC. སྔོགས་LZ, ND, CD, DK, DS, TC.ND, CD, DS, TC, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003). སྐྱོན་དང་མཚང་སོགས་LZ, འཁྲུགས་པའི་སྐྱོ་ND, སྨྱུ་གུ་སྣག་ཚར་NDB, སྙུ་གུ་སྣག་ཚར་NDA. To vex, annoy, cause petty irritation, disturb from rest CD. To excavate, search; find out, discover a mistake DK. 1. To speak critically (mtshang dang skyon rjen par bshad pa) 2. To dig, excavate DS. To rummage through, to search, to empty out, to extract TC.སྔོག་སྔོག་ND gives as the present of བསྔག་.བརྔད་ བརྔད་CD. བརྔབ་ (CD def. 1) 1. To crop barley. 2. To tempt (Situ 77). 3. To seduce deceitfully (a woman or man) (Sch.); to draw out; distill; extract the juice of CD.བརྔབ་བརྔབ་CD. gives as a present of བརྔད་བརྔོག་ བརྔོག་CD. To point out another's faults; seek out faults; to search for a lost article CD. probably a xylograph error for bsngog future of སྔོག་.བསྔགས་ བསྔགས་LZ, DK, TC. སྔག་ CD, DS. སྔགས་ CD. སྔོག་ ND. བསྔགས་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བསྔགས་LZ, DK, TC. བསྔག་ CD, ND, DS.བསྔགས་LZ, DK, TC. སྔོག་ CD. སྔོགས་ ND, DS. CD, ND, DS, TC.DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).ངག་ 'speech, talk, word' (Chang 1971: ii.4). ཡོན་ཏན་དང་བཀས་LZ, བསྟོད་པའི་ ND. To praise, commend, extol, recommend CD. To praise, eulogize DK. To speak well of a man, deed, or thing DS. To praise, to eulogize, to glorify TC.བསྔས་ སྔས་DK. བསྔས་CD, DS. བསྔས་, DK. {DS]. བསྔས་DK, [DS].སྔས་DK.DS.ངས་ 'pillow, cushion'NWH. To place the head or body upon a cushion, to recline CD. To rest on a pillow; to lean on or support DK. One's own body not falling down is supported by another object DS.
ཅ་ཅན་ ཅན་DS. To have, posses DS.DS is wrong to think of this as a verb, rather than a nominal suffix NWH.ཅེར་ཅེར་LZ. gives as the present of འཆེར་. ཅོག་ ཅོག་CD. To have leisure CD.DS, and [Li shi'i gur khang] consider this to be particle added to the reduplicating a sentence final particle, meaning ཐམ་ཅད་ 'all' or ཡོད་ཙད་ 'quality'ཅོང་ ཅོང་CD. To raise wailings, loud lamentations CD.CD probably infers this verb from the word གཅོང་སྐད་ 'a cry, lamentation' which may also be spelled ཅོང་སྐད་.གཅར་1 གཅར་LZ, DS. བཅརད་LZ. བཅར་ DS. གཅར་LZ, DS.གཅོརད་LZ. གཅོར་ DS.DS.DS. གམ་དུ་ LZ. In the presence of, near to DS.གཅར་2 གཅར་DS. གཅར་DS. གཅར་DS.གཅོར་DS.DS.DS. To hit or strike DS.གཅལ་ གཅལ་CD. To spread, display; lay out (e.g. precious stones, jewels on a table or the ground (Jä)). CD.probably the substantive གཅལ་ 'flat, surface'.གཅི་ གཅི་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. གཅིད་ CD. གཅིས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅིས་(DK). གཅི་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅི་(DK).གཅི་LZ, DK. གཅིས་ CD, (DK), DS, TC.CD, DS, TC.DS, TC.གཅིན་ 'urine'NWH. གཅིན་LZ. To discharge urine, to make water; to piss CD. To urinate DK, DS, TC . Root gci (= gti) < *gtsyi < *g-tsi < *tsi (Beyer 1992: 83).གཅིར་ གཅིར་DS, TC. བཅིར་DS. གཅིར་ TC. གཅིར་DS, TC.ཆིར་DS. གཅིར་ TC.DS, TC.DS, TC. To press flat DS. To squeeze, to press TC (Duff).འཆིར་ and འཚིར་གཅིལ་གཅིལ་CD, DS. གཅིལ་[DS]. གཅིལ་[DS].DS. To spoil, destroy (Sch.) CD. To cut (meat &c.) with a knife DS.གཅིས་ གཅིས་ND. གཅིས་ND. NDAA seems to have gces, a carvo. ND. a variant present for གཅི་?གཅུ་ གཅུ་LZ, CD, ND, DS, TC. གཅུད་ CD, DK. གཅུས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. བཅུས་ND. ལྕུས་CD. གཅུ་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. ལྕུ་ CD.ཅུས་LZ, ND. འཆུས་ DK. གཅུས་ DS, TC.ND, DC, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྐེ་དང་གྱས་གྱོན་དུ་LZ, ལག་པས་ ND. To squeeze, strain, whirl, turn round like the twisting of a screw (gcud) CD. To turn, to turn round, to twist, to twine, to plate, to braid (gcu) CD. To twist, to turn aside DK. To make something change from being straight DS. To twist around, to wring, to screw in TC (Duff).གཅུགས་ གཅུགས་LZ, DS. གཅུགས་LZ, [DS]. གཅུགས་LZ, [DS].གཅུགས་LZ.DS.DS. མཛའ་གྲོགས་སོགས་དང་LZ. 1. (intrans.) To be emotionally close, in harmony. 1. (trans.) To love DS.གཅུད་ གཅུད་DS. གཅུད་[DS]. གཅུད་[DS]. DS. To wrap, enclose inside of something DS.གཅུན་གཅུན་CD, ND give as a present of འཇུན་གཅུར་ གཅུར་LZ, ND, TC. བཅུར་CD. འཇུར་DS. འཆུར་[TC]. གཅུརད་LZ. བཅུརད་ND. བཅུར་DS, TC. གཅུར་LZ, ND, DS. བཅུར་ TC.ཆུརད་LZ. ཅུརད་ND. ཆུར་DS, TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. ཕུག་དང་དཀའ་སར་LZ, ཕུག་ཏུ་ND. 1. To be flattened down (Sch.). 2. (colloquial) To bar, obstruct, block up by snow obstructing a roadCD. To become helpless DS. 1. To squeeze into, inside some place. 2. To be trapped, helpless TC (Duff). Compare འཇུར་ and 'ཆུརད་གཅུས་ གཅུས་CD. To interfere, to meddle with (Nag) CD.གཅེམ་གཅེམ་DK. gives as the present of བཅེམ་གཅེར་ གཅེར་DK. བཅརད་DK. བཅར་DK.གཅེརད་DK. To squash, squeeze DK. Compare བཅེར་གཅེས་ གཅེས་LZ, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅེས་LZ, ND, DK, [DS], TC. གཅེས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC.གཅེས་LZ, DK. ཨྀND, TC.ND, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). རང་གཞན་ལ་LZ. To have attachment, to love CK. To feel sympathy or pity for DS. To value, cherish, prize, respect TC.གཅོག་ གཅོག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅག་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅོག་LZ, DS. གཅག་ ND, DK, TC.གཅོག་LZ. ཅོག་ ND, CD, TC. ཆོགས་ CD, DK, DS, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003). འཆག་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259). སྒོ་ང་དང་རྡོ་སོགས་LZ, རྡོ་སོགས་ND. To break, to burst asunder, to cleave, to split, blast, to violate CD. To break, split DK. 1. To break something hard into many pieces. 2. To recover from illness. 3. To not respect, not comply, not agree to. 4. To make fewer DS. 1. To break, split, fragment. 2. To oppress, to suppress. 3. To reduce, deduct, lower. 4. To contradict, to break a pledge, to disobey TC. གཅོང་ གཅོང་CD. བཤོངས་CD. 1. To excavate, wash out, undermine through the action of water. 2. To get faint, languid wearied in mind (Jä) CD. Compare གཤོང་གཅོད་ གཅོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC.ཆོད་KYT, KYN, TD, LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. གཅོད་ CD.KYT, KYN, TD, CD, ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Erg. Abs.] (Hackett 2003).འཆད་[CD], (Gyurme 1992: 259), (Duff). ཤིང་སོགས་ TD, སྲོག་དང་དོན་ཐག་སོགས་ LZ, གྲི་ཚར་སྟངས་དང་ནམ་འཕང་ཐ་ག་དང་མཆཨམས་ཁྲིམས་སོགས་ND. To cut, to cut asunder, to cut down, to fell; (variety of metaphorical uses) stop, hinder, judge, avoid, lock, to wake from sleep CD. To hew or cut; to decide a case DK. 1. To cut a long thing into a short one. 2. To settle, determine. 3. To follow pursue something gone earlier. 4. To examine a circumstance and come to have knowledge. 5. To sever, stop, cut off. 6. To quite (a bad habit &c.). 7. To block, obstruct. 8. To kill. 9. To break off a previous mutual connection. 10. To annihilate, get rid of. 11. To arrive at a goal. 12. To understand a profound meaning having analyzed and argued. 13. To block of the end (of a hole &c.) by stuffing in something round DS. 1. To cut, to shear, to shave off. 2. To kill. 3. To intervene, to interrupt. 3. To give up, to abandon, to stop, to break off. 5. To close, to block off, to impede. 6. To establish, to determine. 7. To implement, to execute, to exact. 8. To explore, to investigate, to pursue. 9. To differentiate, to discriminate, to scrutinize, to analyze, to discern. 10. To traverse, to arrive after a journey TC.གཅོམ་གཅོམ་LZ, ND, DS, TC. གཅོམས་LZ. བཅམ་ ND. བཅམས་ DS, TC. འཆམས་DS. གཅོམ་LZ, བཅམ་NDB, TC.གཅམ་ NDA. བཅོམ་DS.ཅོམས་LZ. འཆོམས་ND, DS. གཅོམས་ TC.ND, DS, TC.DS, TC. གྲོས་སོགས་ LZ, གྲོས་ ND. (archaic) To negotiate DS. To promise, to make a promise or contract TC.གཅོར་ གཅོར་LZ, CD, ND, DK, DS, TC. བཅོར་LZ. བཅརད་LZ, ND. བཅར་ [CD], DK, DS, TC. གཅར་LZ, DK, DS, TC. བཅར་ LZ, ND.གཅོརད་LZ, DK. བཅོརད་LZ. ཅོརད་ NDA. ཆོརད་ NDB. ཆོར་ DS. གཅོར་ TC.ND, DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. སྐུ་མདུན་སོགས་སུ་(gcor) LZ, མིག་སོགས་ (bcor) LZ, མིག་སོགས་ ND. To spread, scatter, disperse (Cs.) (gcor) CD. 1. To squeeze to press. To crowd, to throng. 2. To pull or force down, to wrest (bcar) CD. To maker closer, to cause to meet DK. To squash, squish DS. 1. To go to meet, to approach, to draw near. 2. To crush, to squeeze TC.གཅོལ་ གཅོལ་TC. གཅོལ་TC. གཅོལ་TC.གཅོལ་TC.TC.TC.འཆོལ་(Duff). To scatter, to disperse, to cause disruption TC.བཅས་ བཅས་DS. བཅས་[DS]. བཅས་[DS].DS. [Abs. Ass.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 368). To have DS.བཅའ་བཅའ་DS gives as the preset of འཆོས་1བཅིར་བཅིར་LZ. gives as the present of འཆིར་བཅུ་བཅུ་LZ,CD. give as the present of འཆུ་བཅུམ་ བཅུམ་CD. (= བསྐུམ་ also བཟུང་) 1. To become contracted. 2. (acc. Sch.) To use artifices; to chicane CD.བཅུར་བཅུར་CD. gives as the present of གཅུར་.བཅེམ་བཅེམ་LZ, TC. འཆེམས་ CD (archaic). གཅེམ་ DK. བཅེམས་LZ, CD, DK, TC.བཅེམ་LZ, CD, DK, TC.བཅེམ་LZ. གཅེམས་ DK. བཅེམས་ TC.TC.TC. སོ་ཡིས་བཅའ་བ་སོགས་LZ. To chew (Medical, Jä) CD. To crush with teeth; to squash or press together DK. To chew TC.བཅེར་ གཅེར་[CD], བཅེར་ CD, DS, TC. བཅེར་TC. བཅེར་TC.TC. TC. 1. To heap, to pile up; collect in one place. 2. To glare at. 3. (colloquial = བཅིར་) to squeeze, press CD. (archaic) To heap, pile up DS. To heap, to pile up TC. Root bcer < *btyer < *bter (Beyer 1992: 84) cf. gter 'treasure.'བཅོ་བཅོ་CD. བཅོས་CD.བཅོས་CD. (properly the root of the future tense of འཆོས་, but in the West the usual word for བྱེད་) To make, to perform CD.བཅོག་བཅོག་CD. To reduce, cut down CD.བཅོར་བཅོར་LZ. gives as the present of གཅོར་ལྕིགས་ལྕིགས་DS, TC. ལྕིགས་[DS], TC. ལྕིགས་[DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC.DS TC. To be able, capable DS.To understand, realize TC.ལྕེབ་ ལྕེབ་LZ, CD, DS, TC. ལྕེབས་LZ, DS, TC. ལྕེབ་LZ, DS, TC.ལྕེབས་LZ, DS, TC.DS, TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. བྲག་གྱང་སོགས་ལ་ LZ. 1. To kill oneself, to commit suicide. 2. (used of insects that fly into a flame) CD. To end ones own life DS. To commit suicide (especially by jumping off a high place), to take one's own life TC.ལྕོགས་ ལྕོག་CD. ལྕོགས་ CD, DS, TC. ལྕོགས་DK, [DS], TC. ལྕོགས་DK, [DS], TC.ལྕོགས་DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS. TC. 1. To be agitated, shaken, to tremble. 2. To be able CD. To be able, capable DS. To have time for or to have time to. 2. To handle, to be able to cope TC.
ཆ་ཆ་ ཆས་ LZ, DS, TC. ཆ་CD, DK, (TC). ཆས་LZ, CD (see def.), DK, [DS], TC. ཆ་LZ, DK. ཆས་ [DS], TC.ཆོས་LZ. ཆས་ DK. ཨྀ TC.TC.DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). གཞན་དུ་ LZ. 1. To adorn, bedeck, wear (S. Lex). 2. (archaic) To go away, to start, to leave (a place) (cha) CD. (ཆས་, originally the past of ཆ་ but always used as a separate verb) 1. To set forth, depart. 2. To prepare for, to set about, to start (chas) CD.To go, to compose DK. To go on a path DS. To go, to set out, to depart TC. Jä. gives this as the normal verb 'go' in the west, the past and imperative song having replaced chas. ཆག་ཆག་TC gives as the present of འཆག་ཆགས་1 ཆགས་LZ, CD, DK, DS, TC. ཆགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཆགས་LZ, DK, [DS], TC. ཆགས་LZ, DK. ཨྀ TC.TC, [Hoshi 2003].DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). འདོད་ཡོན་ལ་LZ. 1. To be fond of, to be attached to, to love; to cling to. 2. To be begotten, produced CD. To be attached to, to rest upon, to love, to lust DK. To become attached to, to be loyal to etc. DK. To become desirous, to feel loyal &c. DS. 1. To be attached to, to be in love. 2. To be situated, to be settled TC.ཆགས་2 ཆགས་TC. ཆགས་TC. ཆགས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117), (Hoshi 2003). TC. [Abs.] (Tournadre & Dorje 2003: 117). To become, to occur, to form, to be created, to come into being TC.ཆགས་3 ཆགས་(Takeuchi 1995: 49). (Takeuchi 1995: 49). [Abs All.] (Takeuchi 1995: 49). A loan of (something abs.) was made to (someone all.) (Takeuchi 1995: 49). Takeuchi appears to understand this verb as a specialization of the preceding.ཆགས་4 ཆགས་(Takeuchi 1995: 49). (Takeuchi 1995: 49). [Erg. Abl. Abs.] (Takeuchi 1995: 49). (in Old Tibetan) To borrow (something abs.) from (someone abl.) (Takeuchi 1995: 49). as frequently occurs in Old Tibetan the allative can substitute for the ablative in this construction (Takeuchi 1995: 49).ཆད་ ཆད་CD. 1. To open, to separate, liberate, to give out. 2. To promise, bind one's self. 3. To be descended from; to be born of or with (generally with ནས་ or ལས་) CD.ཆས་ཆས་ LZ, DS, TC. give as the present to ཆ་ཆིབས་chibs ND. gives as the present to འཆིབ་ཆུག་ཆུག་DK. ཆུགས་DK.ཆུག་DK.ཆུགས་DK.(Hoshi 2003).[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To come under; to be included DK. To allow (Hackett 2003). To be able to distinguish, tell the difference (Hoshi 2003).ཆུད་ ཆུད་CD, DS, TC. འཆུད་DK. ཆུད་DK, [DS], TC. འཆུད་DK. ཆུད་[DS], TC.ཆུད་DK.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). To get into, to enter, to put into, insert CD. To get in; to be included, admitted DK. 1. To fit, hold inside. 2. To congregate in. 3. To be certain, confident in mind. 4. To finish preparations DS. 1. To be included, to get into, to be inserted. 2. To understand. 3. To fit, to hold, to have room TC. Compare འཇུད་ཆུན་ ཆུན་CD. To bunch or bundle together CD.ཆུབ་ ཆུབ་ND, DS, TC. ཆུབ་[ND], [DS], TC. ཆུབ་[ND], [DS], TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003).DS, TC. To understand, comprehend DS. To be perfected, to have perfect comprehension, to comprehend, to master TC.ཆུམ་ ཆུམ་CD (archaic), TC. ཆུམ་[TC]. ཆུམ་[TC].TC. To be frightened, also to shrink CD. To shrink in fear, to cower TC.ཆེ་ ཆེ་CD. ཆེས་CD.(Hoshi 2003). [To be great] CD.Root che (= the) < *thye < *the (Beyer 1992: 83).ཆེས་ ཆེས་TC. ཆེས་TC. ཆེས་TC.ཨྀTC.TC, (Hoshi 2003). TC. To believe (used with ཡིད་) TC.ཆོག་1 ཆོག་CD, DK, TC. ཆོག་DK, TC. ཆོག་DK, TC.ཆོག་DKTC, (Hoshi 2003). TC.[Abs. Obl.] (Hackett 2003). 1. To be permitted, to be allowable (in books generally with the instrumental particle). 2. To suffice, to be sufficient CD. To be permissible; to be allowed DK. 1. To be sufficient, to suffice, to be enough. 2. To be suitable, to be fit for, to be ready, to be able, to be permitted, to be allowed TC.ཆོག་2 ཆོག་DS. To be suitable, appropriate, acceptable DS.ཆོད་